• Abouljoud M, Yoshida A, Kim D, Jerius J, Arenas J, Raoufi M, Brown K, Moonka D. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for refractory ascites after liver transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 37: 1248-1250 (2005). *

• Abraham C, Hart J, Locke SM, Baker AL. A case of indometacin-induced acute hepatitis developing into chronic autoimmune hepatitis. Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5: 172-176 (2008). *

• Ackermann D, Mordasini D, Cheval L, Imbert-Teboul M, Vogt B, Doucet A. Sodium retention and ascites formation in a cholestatic mice model: role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor? Hepatology 46: 173-179 (2007). *

• Adler M, Bourgeois N, van de Stadt J, Gelin M. A Pugh score of 8 adequately selects patients with parenchymal cirrhosis for liver transplantation. Transpl. Int. 5 Suppl. 1: S175-S178 (1992).

• Agarwal S, Joyner KA Jr, Swaim MW. Ascites fluid as a possible origin for hyperfibrinolysis in advanced liver disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95: 3218-3224 (2000). *

• Ahishali E, Pinarbasi B, Akyuz F, Ibrisim D, Kaymakoglu S, Mungan Z. A case of Aeromonas hydrophila enteritis in the course of ulcerative colitis. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 18: 430-431 (2007).

• Akcam M, Artan R, Yilmaz A, Cig H, Aksoy NH. Abdominal tuberculosis in adolescents. Difficulties in diagnosis. Saudi Med. J. 26: 122-126 (2005).

• Al-Chalabi T, Boccato S, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG, Heneghan MA. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the elderly: a systematic retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients with definite AIH followed at a tertiary referral centre. J. Hepatol. 45: 575-583 (2006). *

• Al-Chalabi T, Underhill JA, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG, Heneghan MA. Effects of serum aspartate aminotransferase levels in patients with autoimmune hepatitis influence disease course and outcome. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6: 1389-1395 (2008).

• Al-Mukhaizeem KA, Rosenberg A, Sherker AH. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: an under-recognized cause of portal hypertension in hematological disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 75: 225-230 (2004). *

• Alaish SM, Torres M, Ferlito M, Sun CC, De Maio A. The severity of cholestatic injury is modulated by the genetic background. Shock 24: 412-416 (2005). *

• Alam I, Bass NM, Bacchetti P, Gee L, Rockey DC. Hepatic tissue endothelin-1 levels in chronic liver disease correlate with disease severity and ascites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95: 199-203 (2000). *

• Albillos A, Banares R, Gonzalez M, Catalina MV, Molinero LM. A meta-analysis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus paracentesis for refractory ascites. J. Hepatol. 43: 990-996 (2005). *

• Albillos A, de-la-Hera A, Alvarez-Mon M. Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein prediction of severe bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Lancet 363: 1608-1610 (2004). *

• Aldersley MA, O'Grady JG. Hepatic disorders. Features and appropriate management. Drugs 49: 83-102 (1995).

• Aliaga L, Mediavilla JD, Omar M, Zozaya JM, Prieto J. Directional velocity of the arterial flow, systemic vascular resistance and urinary excretion of sodium in cirrhotic patients. Presse. Med. 24: 758-762 (1995).

• Alnounou M, Munoz SJ. Nutrition Issues In Gastroenterology, Series #37. Nutrition concerns of the patient with primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. [http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/digestive-health/nutritionarticles/April2006.pdf] Practical Gastroenterology April 2006: 92-100 (2006). *

• Amarapurkar DN, Patel ND, Rane PS. Diagnosis of Crohn's disease in India where tuberculosis is widely prevalent. World J. Gastroenterol. 14: 741-746 (2008). *

• Amarapurkar DN, Punamiya S, Patel ND. An experience with covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites from western India. Ann. Hepatol. 5: 103-108 (2006). *

• Angeli P, Albino G, Carraro P, Dalla Pria M, Merkel C, Caregaro L, De Bei E, Bortoluzzi A, Plebani M, Gatta A. Cirrhosis and muscle cramps: evidence of a causal relationship. Hepatology 23: 264-273 (1996). *

• Angeli P, Fasolato S, Mazza E, Okolicsanyi L, Maresio G, Velo E, Galioto A, Salinas F, D'Aquino M, Sticca A, Gatta A. Combined versus sequential diuretic treatment of ascites in nonazotemic patients with cirrhosis: results of an open randomized clinical trial. Gut 59: 98-104 (2010).

• Angeli P, Merkel C. Pathogenesis and management of hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 48 Suppl. 1: S93-S103 (2008). *

• Angeli P, Wong F, Watson H, Gines P. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: results of a patient population survey. Hepatology 44: 1535-1542 (2006). *

• Angermayr B, Cejna M, Karnel F, Gschwantler M, Koenig F, Pidlich J, Mendel H, Pichler L, Wichlas M, Kreil A, Schmid M, Ferlitsch A, Lipinski E, Brunner H, Lammer J, Ferenci P, Gangl A, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Child-Pugh versus MELD score in predicting survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Gut 52: 879-885 (2003). *

• Appenrodt B, Grunhage F, Gentemann MG, Thyssen L, Sauerbruch T, Lammert F. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants are genetic risk factors for death and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis. Hepatology Nov 20 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Araki Y, Sakaguchi C, Ishizuka I, Sasaki M, Tsujikawa T, Koyama S, Furukawa A, Fujiyama Y. Budd-Chiari syndrome: a case with a combination of hepatic vein and superior vena cava occlusion. World J. Gastroenterol. 11: 3797-3799 (2005). *

• Arroyo V. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. Ann. Hepatol. 1: 72-79 (2002). *

• Arroyo V, Colmenero J. Use of albumin in the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. An independent verdict. Dig. Liver Dis. 35: 668-672 (2003).

• Arroyo V, Colmenero J. Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis: pathophysiological basis of therapy and current management. J. Hepatol. 38 Suppl. 1: S69-S89 (2003). *

• Askari FK, Greenson J, Dick RD, Johnson VD, Brewer GJ. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. XVIII. Initial treatment of the hepatic decompensation presentation with trientine and zinc. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 142: 385-390 (2003). *

• Aslanidis S, Pyrpasopoulou A, Soufleris K, Kazantzidou E, Douma S. Eosinophilic enteritis with ascites in a patient with overlap syndrome. Case Report Med. 2009: 734206 (2009). *

• Assimakopoulos SF, Vagianos CE. Bile duct ligation in rats: a reliable model of hepatorenal syndrome? World J. Gastroenterol. 15: 121-123 (2009). *

• Attwell A, Ludkowski M, Nash R, Kugelmas M. Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome in a Liver Transplant Unit, the role of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt and liver transplantation. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 20: 867-873 (2004). *

• AydoGdu S, Ozgenc F, AtIk T, Unal F, Tokat Y, Yagci RV. Biliary atresia in Turkish children. Pediatr. Int. 46: 158-161 (2004). *

• Bachet JB, Condat B, Hagege H, Plessier A, Consigny Y, Belghiti J, Valla D. Long-term portosystemic shunt patency as a determinant of outcome in Budd-Chiari syndrome. J. Hepatol. 46: 60-68 (2007). *

• Bajaj JS, Zadvornova Y, Heuman DM, Hafeezullah M, Hoffmann RG, Sanyal AJ, Saeian K. Association of proton pump inhibitor therapy with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104: 1130-1134 (2009). *

• Barnes DS. Intrahepatic cholestatic liver disease. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/gastro/intrahepatic/intrahepatic1.htm (2002). *

• Basaran A, Zafer Tuncer S. Ascites is the primary cause of cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) elevation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with nephrotic syndrome. Med. Hypotheses 68: 197-201 (2007).

• Beckett GJ, Dewhurst N, Finlayson ND, Percy-Robb IW. Weight loss in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gut 21: 734-737 (1980). *

• Belli G, Cioffi L, Fantini C, D'Agostino A, Russo G, Limongelli P, Belli A. Laparoscopic redo surgery for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: feasibility, safety, and results. Surg. Endosc. 23: 1807-1811 (2009).

• Ben-Ari Z. Ascites after transplantation - a mystery. Liver Transpl. 10: 1221 (2004). *

• Benjaminov FS, Prentice M, Sniderman KW, Siu S, Liu P, Wong F. Portopulmonary hypertension in decompensated cirrhosis with refractory ascites. Gut 52: 1355-1362 (2003). *

• Berber E, Rogers S, Siperstein A. Predictors of survival after laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular cancer. A prospective study. Surg. Endosc. 19: 710-714 (2005). *

• Bert F, Bellier C, Lassel L, Lefranc V, Durand F, Belghiti J, Mentre F, Fantin B. Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus infection in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 11: 1093-1099 (2005). *

• Bertrams A, Ziegler K. Hepatocellular uptake of peptides by bile acid transporters: relationship of carrier-mediated transport of linear peptides with renin-inhibiting activity to multispecific bile acid carriers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1091: 337-348 (1991).

• Biggins SW, Kim WR, Terrault NA, Saab S, Balan V, Schiano T, Benson J, Therneau T, Kremers W, Wiesner R, Kamath P, Klintmalm G. Evidence-based incorporation of serum sodium concentration into MELD. Gastroenterology 130: 1652-1660 (2006). *

• Biggins SW, Rodriguez HJ, Bacchetti P, Bass NM, Roberts JP, Terrault NA. Serum sodium predicts mortality in patients listed for liver transplantation. Hepatology 41: 32-39 (2005). *

• Blachar A, Federle MP, Brancatelli G. Primary biliary cirrhosis: clinical, pathologic, and helical CT findings in 53 patients. Radiology 220: 329-336 (2001). *

• Blendis L. Trial for treatment of refractory ascites TIPS the scales. Gastroenterology 128: 797-798 (2005). *

• Blendis L. Ascites and renal disorders in liver disease Gastroenterology 117: 1023-1024 (1999). *

• Botella Romero F, Alfaro Martinez JJ. Nutritional repercussions and management of chronic pancreatitis. Nutr. Hosp. 23 Suppl. 2: 59-63 (2008).

• Brigman C, Feranchak A. Liver involvement in cystic fibrosis. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 9: 484-496 (2006).

• Brinar M, Hrstic I, Cukovic-Cavka S, Padovan RS, Zupancic-Salek S, Vucelic B. Chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome as a rare complication of Crohn's disease: a case report. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Jun 18 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Brinker AD, Wassel RT, Lyndly J, Serrano J, Avigan M, Lee WM, Seeff LB. Telithromycin-associated hepatotoxicity: clinical spectrum and causality assessment of 42 cases. Hepatology 49: 250-257 (2009). *

• Brinson RR, Curtis WD, Schuman BM, Mills LR. Recovery from hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome) complicating ulcerative colitis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 33: 1615-1620 (1988).

• Brostoff JM, Rashid S, McCrea D. Primary biliary cirrhosis with a normal alkaline phosphatase: a case report. Cases J. 1: 33 (2008). *

• Brueck M, Runde T, Rauber K, Kramer W. Portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease treated by fibrinogen-guided thrombolysis with urokinase. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 131: 84-88 (2006).

• Brunerova L, Bartakova H, Jankovska M, Cieslarova B, Hulek P, Kozak T, Andel M. The Budd-Chiari syndrome in a patient with primary thrombocythemia treated with interferon alfa and transjugular portosystemic shunt. Cas. Lek. Cesk. 143: 198-201 (2004).

• Bruns T, Sachse S, Straube E, Assefa S, Herrmann A, Hagel S, Lehmann M, Stallmach A. Identification of bacterial DNA in neutrocytic and non-neutrocytic cirrhotic ascites by means of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Liver Int. 29: 1206-1214 (2009).

• Bugianesi E. Late complications of NASH: a challenge for hepatologists. J. Hepatol. 42: 784-785 (2005).

• Burroughs AK, Patch D. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Semin. Liver Dis. 19: 457-473 (1999).

• Cabibbo G, Enea M, Attanasio M, Bruix J, Craxi A, Camma C. A meta-analysis of survival rates of untreated patients in randomized clinical trials of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology Dec 4 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Cakir M, Arikan C, Akman SA, Baran M, Saz UE, Yagci RV, Zeytunlu M, Kilic M, Aydogdu S. Infectious complications in pediatric liver transplantation candidates. Pediatr. Transplant. Mar 10 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Cakir M, Ozgenc F, Baran M, Arikan C, Sezak M, Tuncyurek M, Ergun O, Yagci RV. A rare cause of refractory ascites in a child: familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol. Int. May 23 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Caldwell SH, Oelsner DH, Iezzoni JC, Hespenheide EE, Battle EH, Driscoll CJ. Cryptogenic cirrhosis: clinical characterization and risk factors for underlying disease. Hepatology 29: 664-669 (1999). *

• Campbell MS, Kotlyar DS, Brensinger CM, Lewis JD, Shetty K, Bloom RD, Markmann JF, Olthoff KM, Shaked A, Reddy KR. Renal function after orthotopic liver transplantation is predicted by duration of pretransplantation creatinine elevation. Liver Transpl. 11: 1048-1055 (2005). *

• Campos J, Gonzalez-Quintela A, Quinteiro C, Gude F, Perez LF, Torre JA, Vidal C. The -159C/T polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD14 gene is associated with advanced liver disease and higher serum levels of acute-phase proteins in heavy drinkers. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 29: 1206-1213 (2005). *

• Cangemi JR, Wiesner RH, Beaver SJ, Ludwig J, MacCarty RL, Dozois RR, Zinsmeister AR, LaRusso NF. Effect of proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis on the natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 96: 790-794 (1989).

• Cano R, Llanos L, Zapater P, Pascual S, Bellot P, Barquero C, Perez-Mateo M, Such J, Frances R. Proteomic evidence of bacterial peptide translocation in afebrile patients with cirrhosis and ascites. J. Mol. Med. Jan 20 [Epub ahead of print] (2010). *

• Capron JP, Degott C, Bernuau J, Saint-Marc Girardin MF, Zafrani ES, Braillon A, Quenum C, Dhumeaux D, Benhamou JP. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Study of 15 cases and review of the literature. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 7: 761-769 (1983).

• Capuano G, Pomponi D, Iaccarino V, Budillon G. An unusual case of ascites. Dig. Liver Dis. 36: 628-631 (2004).

• Carcopino X, Chaumoitre K, Shojai R, Akkawi R, Panuel M, Boubli L, D'Ercole C. Foetal magnetic resonance imaging and echogenic bowel. Prenat. Diagn. 27: 272-278 (2007).

• Cardenas A, Bataller R, Arroyo V. Mechanisms of ascites formation. Clin. Liver Dis. 4: 447-465 (2000).

• Cardenas A, Gines P. Pathogenesis and treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in cirrhosis. Semin. Nephrol. 21: 308-316 (2001).

• Casa C, Arnaud JP, Serra-Maudet V, Georgeac G, Kanane S, Ronceray J. Mesocaval anastomosis in the treatment of recurring hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension. J. Chir. (Paris) 130: 517-521 (1993).

• Chaimovitz C, Rochman J, Eidelman S, Better OS. Exaggerated natriuretic response to volume expansion in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am. J. Med. Sci. 274: 173-178 (1977).

• Chan CW, Carpenter JR, Rigamonti C, Gunsar F, Burroughs AK. Survival following the development of ascites and/or oedema in primary biliary cirrhosis: a stage prognostic model. Gut 53: A84 (2004).

• Chan CW, Carpenter JR, Rigamonti C, Gunsar F, Burroughs AK. Survival following the development of ascites and/or peripheral oedema in primary biliary cirrhosis: a staged prognostic model. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 1081-1089 (2005). *

• Chan CW, Tsochatzis EA, Carpenter JR, Rigamonti C, Gunsar F, Burroughs AK. Predicting the advent of ascites and other complications in primary biliary cirrhosis: a staged model approach. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 31: 573-582 (2010). *

• Chan T, Palevsky HI, Miller WT. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: findings on chest radiographs. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 151: 909-914 (1988). *

• Chang PE, Miquel R, Blanco JL, Laguno M, Bruguera M, Abraldes JG, Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan JC. Idiopathic portal hypertension in patients with HIV infection treated wth highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104: 1707-1714 (2009). *

• Chapman RW. The management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 5: 9-17 (2003).

• Charles KA, Kulbe H, Soper R, Escorcio-Correia M, Lawrence T, Schultheis A, Chakravarty P, Thompson RG, Kollias G, Smyth JF, Balkwill FR, Hagemann T. The tumor-promoting actions of TNF-alpha involve TNFR1 and IL-17 in ovarian cancer in mice and humans. J. Clin. Invest. 119: 3011-3023 (2009). *

• Chen JY, Wang CM, Lu SC, Chou YH, Luo SF. Association of apoptosis-related microsatellite polymorphisms on chromosome 1q in Taiwanese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 143: 281-287 (2006). *

• Chen L, Xiao T, Chen W, Long Q, Li R, Fang D, Wang R. Outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through the left branch vs. the right branch of the portal vein in advanced cirrhosis: a randomized trial. Liver Int. 29: 1101-1109 (2009). *

• Chen MJ, Chu CH, Lin SC, Shih SC, Wang TE. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: clinical experience with 15 patients. World J. Gastroenterol. 9: 2813-2816 (2003). *

• Chen W, Gluud C. Bile acids for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2: CD003626 (2003). *

• Chesner IM, Muller S, Newman J. Ulcerative colitis complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gut 27: 1096-1100 (1986). *

• Chou KT, Lee YC, Chen CW, Shih JF, Tung SM, Yang YT, Perng RP. Lupus erythematosus (LE) cells in ascites: initial diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by cytological examination: a case report. Clin. Rheumatol. 26: 1931-1933 (2007). *

• Choudhury J, Sanyal AJ. Treatment of ascites. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 481-491 (2003).

• Christensen E, Altman DG, Neuberger J, De Stavola BL, Tygstrup N, Williams R. Updating prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis using a time-dependent Cox regression model. PBC1 and PBC2 trial groups. Gastroenterology 105: 1865-1876 (1993).

• Christensen E, Crowe J, Doniach D, Popper H, Ranek L, Rodes J, Tygstrup N, Williams R. Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on an analysis of 236 patients. Gastroenterology 78: 236-246 (1980).

• Christensen E, Gunson B, Neuberger J. Optimal timing of liver transplantation for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: use of prognostic modelling. J. Hepatol. 30: 285-292 (1999). *

• Chu KM, Lee YT, Ng EK. EUS could detect ascites missed by CT scan * Author's reply. Gut 55: 1524 (2006). *

• Chung H, Kudo M, Haji S, Osaki Y, Oka H, Seki T, Kasugai H, Sasaki Y. A proposal of the modified liver damage classification for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol. Res. 34: 124-129 (2006).

• Cohran VC, Heubi JE. Treatment of pediatric cholestatic liver disease. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 403-415 (2003).

• Combes B, Emerson SS, Flye NL, Munoz SJ, Luketic VA, Mayo MJ, McCashland TM, Zetterman RK, Peters MG, Di Bisceglie AM, Benner KG, Kowdley KV, Carithers Jr RL, Rosoff Jr L, Garcia-Tsao G, Boyer JL, Boyer TD, Martinez EJ, Bass NM, Lake JR, et al. Methotrexate (MTX) plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 42: 1184-1193 (2005). *

• Combes B, Luketic VA, Peters MG, Zetterman RK, Garcia-Tsao G, Munoz SJ, Lin D, Flye N, Carithers RL Jr. Prolonged follow-up of patients in the U.S. multicenter trial of ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99: 264-268 (2004). *

• Cross TJ, Berry PA, Akbar N, Wendon J, Thein SL, Harrison PM. Sickle liver disease - an unusual presentation in a compound heterozygote for HbS and a novel beta-thalassemia mutation. Am. J. Hematol. 82: 852-854 (2007). *

• Crowe J, Christensen E, Doniach D, Popper H, Tygstrup N, Williams R. Early features of primary biliary cirrhosis: an analysis of 85 patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 80: 466-468 (1985).

• Curgunlu A, Vural P, Canbaz M, Erten N, Karan MA, Tascioglu C. Plasma nitrate/nitrite and endothelin-1 in patients with liver cirrhosis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19: 177-181 (2005).

• Curro G, Jiao L, Scisca C, Baccarani U, Mucciardi M, Habib N, Navarra G. Radiofrequency-assisted liver resection in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 98: 407-410 (2008).

• Czaja AJ. Autoimmune liver disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 21: 293-299 (2005).

• Czaja AJ. Autoimmune liver disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 23: 255-262 (2007).

• Czaja AJ, Wolf AM, Baggenstoss AH. Clinical assessment of cirrhosis in severe chronic active liver disease: specificity and sensitivity of physical and laboratory findings. Mayo Clin. Proc. 55: 360-364 (1980).

• D'Amico G, Luca A, Morabito A, Miraglia R, D'amico M. Uncovered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 129: 1282-1293 (2005). *

• Dalle I, Geboes K. Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. 65: 213-219 (2002).

• Darius T, Monbaliu D, Aerts R, Laleman W, Roskams T, Van Steenbergen W, Cassiman D, Verslype C, Maleux G, Nevens F, Pirenne J. Rescue of a marginal liver graft by sequential treatment with molecular adsorbent recirculating system and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a case report. Transplant. Proc. 41: 3427-3429 (2009). *

• Davis GL, Czaja AJ, Ludwig J. Development and prognosis of histologic cirrhosis in corticosteroid-treated hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterology 87: 1222-1227 (1984).

• De las Heras D, Fernandez J, Gines P, Cardenas A, Ortega R, Navasa M, Barbera JA, Calahorra B, Guevara M, Bataller R, Jimenez W, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Increased carbon monoxide production in patients with cirrhosis with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 38: 452-459 (2003). *

• de Man RA. Severe hepatitis attributed to paroxetine (Seroxat). Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 141: 540-542 (1997).

• De Vreede I, Steers JL, Burch PA, Rosen CB, Gunderson LL, Haddock MG, Burgart L, Gores GJ. Prolonged disease-free survival after orthotopic liver transplantation plus adjuvant chemoirradiation for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 6: 309-316 (2000). *

• Debray D, Pariente D, Urvoas E, Hadchouel M, Bernard O. Sclerosing cholangitis in children. J. Pediatr. 124: 49-56 (1994).

• Degre D, Bourgeois N, Boon N, Le Moine O, Louis H, Donckier V, El Nakadi I, Closset J, Lingier P, Vereerstraeten P, Gelin M, Adler M. Aminopyrine breath test compared to the MELD and Child-Pugh scores for predicting mortality among cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. Transpl. Int. 17: 31-38 (2004).

• Deibert P, Konig D, Allgaier HP, Berg A. Sport and the digestive system. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 132: 155-160 (2007).

• DeLeve LD, Shulman HM, McDonald GB. Toxic injury to hepatic sinusoids: sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (veno-occlusive disease). Semin. Liver Dis. 22: 27-42 (2002).

• Desai HG, Naik AS. Acute viral E hepatitis with chronic liver disease (autoimmune hepatitis). Indian J. Med. Sci. 59: 113-115 (2005). *

• Deschenes M, Villeneuve JP, Dagenais M, Fenyves D, Lapointe R, Pomier-Layrargues G, Roy A, Willems B, Marleau D. Lack of relationship between preoperative measures of the severity of cirrhosis and short-term survival after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. Surg. 3: 532-537 (1997).

• Desmet VJ, Roskams T. Cirrhosis reversal: a duel between dogma and myth. J. Hepatol. 40: 860-867 (2004). *

• Desmond CP, Wilson J, Bailey M, Clark D, Roberts SK. The benign course of liver disease in adults with cystic fibrosis and the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid. Liver Int. 27: 1402-1408 (2007). *

• Detry O, De Roover A, Coimbra C, Delwaide J, Szapiro D, Kaba A, Joris J, Damas P, Meurisse M, Honore P. Autoimmune cirrhosis treated by liver transplantation using the right hepatic lobe from a living related donor. Rev. Med. Liege. 59: 69-74 (2004).

• Devarbhavi H, Kaese D, Williams AW, Rakela J, Klee GG, Kamath PS. Cancer antigen 125 in patients with chronic liver disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 77: 538-541 (2002). *

• Devarbhavi H, Kremers WK, Dierkhising R, Padmanabhan L. Pregnancy-associated acute liver disease and acute viral hepatitis: differentiation, course and outcome. J. Hepatol. 49: 930-935 (2008).

• Dhiman RK, Behera A, Chawla YK, Dilawari JB, Suri S. Portal hypertensive biliopathy. Gut 56: 1001-1008 (2007). *

• Di Leo V, Venturi C, Baragiotta A, Martines D, Floreani A. Gastroduodenal and intestinal permeability in primary biliary cirrhosis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15: 967-73 (2003).

• Dolev E, Sandman-Goddard G. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Harefuah. 116: 465-466 (1989).

• Domenicali M, Caraceni P, Giannone F, Baldassarre M, Lucchetti G, Quarta C, Patti C, Catani L, Nanni C, Lemoli RM, Bernardi M. A novel model of CCl(4)-induced cirrhosis with ascites in the mouse. J. Hepatol. 51: 991-999 (2009).

• Doria C, Marino IR. Bacteremia using the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in patients bridged to liver transplantation. Exp. Clin. Transplant. 3: 289-292 (2005).

• Dubaniewicz A, Dubaniewicz A. Cholangiocarcinoma - bile ducts cancer. Wiad. Lek. 56: 57-60 (2003).

• Dudley F. Management of refractory ascites. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19: S194-S199 (2004). *

• Dumortier J, Pianta E, Le Derf Y, Bernard P, Bouffard Y, Boucaud C, Sagnard P, Delafosse B, Boillot O. Peritoneovenous shunt as a bridge to liver transplantation. Am. J. Transplant. 5: 1886-1892 (2005). *

• Dunn W, Jamil LH, Brown LS, Wiesner RH, Kim WR, Menon KV, Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Shah V. MELD accurately predicts mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 41: 353-358 (2005). *

• Ebert EC, Kierson M, Hagspiel KD. Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of sarcoidosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103: 3184-3192 (2008). *

• Ebrahimi Daryani N, Aghamohammadi A, Mousavi Mirkala MR, Bashashati M, Rezaei N, Haghpanah B, Hashtroudi AA, Sayyah A. Gastrointestinal complications in two patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 3: 149-152 (2004).

• Eckhoff DE, Pirsch JD, D'Alessandro AM, Knechtle SJ, Young CJ, Geffner SR, Belzer FO, Kalayoglu M. Pretransplant status and patient survival following liver transplantation. Transplantation 60: 920-925 (1995).

• Efrati O, Barak A, Modan-Moses D, Augarten A, Vilozni D, Katznelson D, Szeinberg A, Yahav J, Bujanover Y. Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in cystic fibrosis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15: 1073-1078 (2003).

• El-Naggar MM, Khalil ES, El-Daker MA, Salama MF. Bacterial DNA and its consequences in patients with cirrhosis and culture-negative, non-neutrocytic ascites. J. Med. Microbiol. 57: 1533-1538 (2008). *

• Eriksson AS, Gretzer C, Wallerstedt S. Elevation of cytokines in peritoneal fluid and blood in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 51: 505-509 (2004).

• Esteva-Font C, Baccaro ME, Fernandez-Llama P, Sans L, Guevara M, Ars E, Jimenez W, Arroyo V, Ballarin JA, Gines P. Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 urinary excretion in cirrhosis: relationship with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 44: 1555-1563 (2006). *

• Evans LT, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ, Kamath PS. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites. Hepatology 37: 897-901 (2003). *

• Farrell GC, Cooksley WG, Hart P, Powell LW. Drug metabolism in liver disease. Identification of patients with impaired hepatic drug metabolism. Gastroenterology 75: 580-688 (1978).

• Fartoux L, Serfaty L. Liver cirrhosis in adults: etiology and specific treatments. Rev. Prat. 55: 1539-1548 (2005).

• Fasolato S, Angeli P, Dallagnese L, Maresio G, Zola E, Mazza E, Salinas F, Dona S, Fagiuoli S, Sticca A, Zanus G, Cillo U, Frasson I, Destro C, Gatta A. Renal failure and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and clinical features. Hepatology 45: 223-229 (2007). *

• Faust TW. Budd-Chiari syndrome. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 2: 491-504 (1999).

• Ferguson JW, Dover AR, Chia S, Cruden NL, Hayes PC, Newby DE. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity contributes to the regulation of peripheral vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut 55: 542-546 (2006). *

• Fernandez-Esparrach G, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Gines P, Uriz J, Quinto L, Ventura PJ, Cardenas A, Guevara M, Sort P, Jimenez W, Bataller R, Arroyo V, Rodes J. A prognostic model for predicting survival in cirrhosis with ascites. J. Hepatol. 34: 46-52 (2001). *

• Fernandez-Rodriguez CM, Romero J, Petros TJ, Bradshaw H, Gasalla JM, Gutierrez ML, Lledo JL, Santander C, Fernandez TP, Tomas E, Cacho G, Walker JM. Circulating endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and portal, systemic and renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis. Liver Int. 24: 477-483 (2004). *

• Ferral H, Gamboa P, Postoak DW, Albernaz VS, Young CR, Speeg KV, McMahan CA. Survival after elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation: prediction with model for end-stage liver disease score. Radiology 231: 231-236 (2004). *

• Fiel MI, Schiano T. Ascites and variceal bleeding occurring in a 20-year-old with cystic fibrosis. Hepatology 49: 1773-1774 (2009).

• Finegold MJ, Carpenter RJ. Obliterative cholangitis due to cytomegalovirus: a possible precursor of paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts. Hum. Pathol. 13: 662-665 (1982).

• Floreani A, Niro G, Rosa Rizzotto E, Antoniazzi S, Ferrara F, Carderi I, Baldo V, Premoli A, Olivero F, Morello E, Durazzo M. Type I autoimmune hepatitis: clinical course and outcome in an Italian multicentre study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 1051-1057 (2006).

• Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, Castera L, Le Bail B, Adhoute X, Bertet J,Couzigou P, de Ledinghen V. Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a prospective study. Gut 55: 403-408 (2006). *

• Frances R, Chiva M, Sanchez E, Gonzalez-Navajas JM, Llobet T, Zapater P, Soriano G, Munoz C, Balanzo J, Perez-Mateo M, Song X, Guarner C, Such J. Bacterial translocation is downregulated by anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody administration in rats with cirrhosis and ascites. J. Hepatol. 46: 797-803 (2007). *

• Frances R, Munoz C, Zapater P, Uceda F, Gascon I, Pascual S, Perez-Mateo M, Such J. Bacterial DNA activates cell mediated immune response and nitric oxide overproduction in peritoneal macrophages from patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut 53: 860-864 (2004). *

• Franco J, Saeian K. Biliary tract inflammatory disorders: primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 1: 95-101 (1999).

• Frazer IH, Lichtenstein M, Andrews JT. Pleuroperitoneal effusion without ascites. Med. J. Aust. 2: 520-521 (1983).

• Frey FJ. Impaired 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contributes to renal sodium avidity in cirrhosis: hypothesis or fact? Hepatology 44: 795-801 (2006). *

• Friedman SL. Liver fibrosis - from bench to bedside. J. Hepatol. 38 Suppl. 1: S38-S53 (2003). *

• Fukushima T, Dong L, Sakai T, Sawaki T, Miki M, Tanaka M, Masaki Y, Hirose Y, Kuwana M, Umehara H. Successful treatment of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 17: 210-214 (2008). *

• Gabele E, Muhlbauer M, Paulo H, Johann M, Meltzer C, Leidl F, Wodarz N, Wiest R, Scholmerich J, Hellerbrand C. Analysis of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene polymorphism in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 15: 5558-5562 (2009). *

• Gafvels M, Holmstrom P, Somell A, Sjovall F, Svensson JO, Stahle L, Broome U, Stal P. A novel mutation in the biliverdin reductase-A gene combined with liver cirrhosis results in hyperbiliverdinaemia (green jaundice). Liver Int. 29: 1116-1124 (2009). *

• Garcia-Compean D, Blanc P, Larrey D, Daures JP, Hirtz J, Mendoza E, Maldonado H, Michel H. Treatment of cirrhotic tense ascites with Dextran-40 versus albumin associated with large volume paracentesis: a randomized controlled trial. Ann. Hepatol. 1: 29-35 (2002). *

• Garcia-Dominguez J, Aller MA, Garcia C, de Vicente F, Corcuera MT, Gomez-Aguado F, Alonso MJ, Vara E, Arias J. Splanchnic Th(2) and Th(1) cytokine redistribution in microsurgical cholestatic rats. J. Surg. Res. Nov 11 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 22: 254-262 (2006).

• Garcia-Tsao G. Current management of the complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 120: 726-748 (2001). *

• Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 21: 313-322 (2005).

• Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 19: 250-258 (2003).

• Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 18: 351-359 (2002).

• Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 20: 254-263 (2004).

• Garcia-Tsao G, Lim J. Management and treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: recommendations from the Department of Veterans Affairs Hepatitis C Resource Center Program and the National Hepatitis C Program. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104: 1802-1829 (2009). *

• Geerts AM, Vanheule E, Praet M, Van Vlierberghe H, De Vos M, Colle I. Comparison of three research models of portal hypertension in mice: macroscopic, histological and portal pressure evaluation. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 89: 251-263 (2008).

• Gentilini P, Bernardi M, Bolondi L, Craxi A, Gasbarrinie G, Ideo G, Laffi G, La Villa G, Salerno F, Ventura E, Pulazzini A, Segantini L, Romanelli RG. The rational use of albumin in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A Delphi study for the attainment of a consensus on prescribing standards. Dig. Liver Dis. 36: 539-546 (2004).

• Gentilini P, Casini-Raggi V, Di Fiore G, Romanelli RG, Buzzelli G, Pinzani M, La Villa G, Laffi G. Albumin improves the response to diuretics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J. Hepatol. 30: 639-645 (1999). *

• Gentilini P, Laffi G, La Villa G, Romanelli RG, Blendis LM. Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome during cirrhosis: two entities or the continuation of the same complication? J. Hepatol. 31: 1088-1097 (1999). *

• Gerbes AL, Gulberg V. Progress in treatment of massive ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. World J. Gastroenterol. 12: 516-519 (2006). *

• Gerhardt T, Wolff M, Fischer HP, Sauerbruch T, Reichel C. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis: a case report. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 240-243 (2005). *

• Ghany MG, Lok AS, Everhart JE, Everson GT, Lee WM, Curto TM, Wright EC, Stoddard AM, Sterling RK, Di Bisceglie AM, Bonkovsky HL, Morishima C, Morgan TR, Dienstag JL; HALT-C Trial Group. Predicting clinical and histological outcomes based on standard laboratory tests in advanced chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 138: 136-146 (2010). *

• Giannini E, Romagnoli P, Tenconi GL, Botta F, Malfatti F, Chiarbonello B, Mamone M, Barreca T, Testa R. High ascitic fluid leptin levels in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and sterile ascites: relationship with TNF-alpha levels. Dig. Dis. Sci. 49: 275-280 (2004). *

• Gines P. Refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Falk Symposium 137. XII FALK LIVER WEEK 2003 (Part II) In honour of Hans Popper’s 100th Birthday. Liver Diseases: Advances in Treatment and Prevention. Freiburg (Germany). p. 97-98. October 17 - 19 (2003). *

• Gines P, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Pathophysiology, complications, and treatment of ascites. Clin. Liver Dis. 1: 129-155 (1997).

• Gines P, Cardenas A, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Management of cirrhosis and ascites. N. Engl. J. Med. 350: 1646-1654 (2004). *

• Gines P, Guevara M, De Las Heras D, Arroyo V. Review article: albumin for circulatory support in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16 Suppl. 5: 24-31 (2002).

• Gines P, Tito L, Arroyo V, Planas R, Panes J, Viver J, Torres M, Humbert P, Rimola A, Llach J, et al. Randomized comparative study of therapeutic paracentesis with and without intravenous albumin in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 94: 1493-1502 (1988).

• Gines P, Wong F, Watson H, Milutinovic S, del Arbol LR, Olteanu D; HypoCAT Study Investigators. Effects of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonist, on ascites and serum sodium in cirrhosis with hyponatremia: a randomized trial. Hepatology 48: 204-213 (2008). *

• Gines P, Wong F, Watson H, Terg R, Bruha R, Zarski JP. Clinical trial: short-term effects of combination of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V receptor antagonist, and diuretics on ascites in patients with cirrhosis without hyponatremia - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. Jan 22 [Epub ahead of print] (2010). *

• Gloria Silva F, Paiva M, Tavares A, Lacerda A, Pereira G, Marques A, Barata D, Cabral J. Paediatric Burkitt lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis. Acta Med. Port. 21: 515-520 (2008).

• Gluud C, Christensen E. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 1: CD000551 (2002). *

• Gong Y, Huang Z, Christensen E, Gluud C. Ursodeoxycholic acid for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials using Bayesian approach as sensitivity analyses. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102: 1799-1807 (2007). *

• Gong Y, Huang ZB, Christensen E, Gluud C. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3: CD000551 (2008). *

• Gores GJ, Moore SB, Fisher LD, Powell FC, Dickson ER. Primary biliary cirrhosis: associations with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. Hepatology 7: 889-892 (1987).

• Gotthardt D, Weiss KH, Baumgartner M, Zahn A, Stremmel W, Schmidt J, Bruckner T, Sauer P. Limitations of the MELD score in predicting mortality or need for removal from waiting list in patients awaiting liver transplantation. BMC Gastroenterol. 9: 72 (2009). *

• Granzotto M, Drigo I, Candussio L, Rosati A, Bartoli F, Giraldi T, Decorti G. Rifampicin and verapamil induce the expression of P-glycoprotein in vivo in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Cancer Lett. 205: 107-115 (2004). *

• Gross CR, Malinchoc M, Kim WR, Evans RW, Wiesner RH, Petz JL, Crippin JS, Klintmalm GB, Levy MF, Ricci P, Therneau TM, Dickson ER. Quality of life before and after liver transplantation for cholestatic liver disease. Hepatology 29: 356-364 (1999). *

• Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace ND, Burroughs AK, Planas R, Escorsell A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Patch D, Matloff DS, Gao H, Makuch R; Portal Hypertension Collaborative Group. Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 353: 2254-2261 (2005). *

• Gruttadauria S, Mandala' L, Miraglia R, Caruso S, Minervini MI, Biondo D, Volpes R, Vizzini G, Marsh JW, Luca A, Marcos A, Gridelli B. Successful treatment of small-for-size syndrome in adult-to-adult living-related liver transplantation: single center series. Clin. Transplant. 21: 761-766 (2007). *

• Gu EL, Yao GB. The clinical characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis in China: a systimatic review. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 17: 861-866 (2009).

• Guarner C, Gonzalez-Navajas JM, Sanchez E, Soriando G, Frances R, Chiva M, Zapater P, Benlloch S, Munoz C, Pascual S, Balanzo J, Perez-Mateo M, Such J. The detection of bacterial DNA in blood of rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites represents episodes of bacterial translocation. Hepatology 44: 633-639 (2006). *

• Guevara M, Fernandez-Esparrach G, Alessandria C, Torre A, Terra C, Montana X, Piera C, Alvarez ML, Jimenez W, Gines P, Arroyo V. Effects of contrast media on renal function in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology 40: 646-651 (2004). *

• Guida M, Mandato VD, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Di Carlo C, Giordano E, Nappi C. Coexistence of Graves' disease and benign struma ovarii in a patient with marked ascites and elevated CA-125 levels. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 28: 827-830 (2005).

• Gur C, Ilan Y, Shibolet O. Hepatic hydrothorax - pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment - review of the literature. Liver Int. 24: 281-284 (2004). *

• Haagsma EB, Gips CH, Wesenhagen H, Van Imhoff GW, Krom RA. Liver disease and its effect on haemostasis during liver transplantation. Liver 5: 123-128 (1985).

• Hagi A, Nakayama M, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. Effects of a fish oil-based emulsion on rat hepatoma cell invasion in culture. Nutrition 23: 871-877 (2007). *

• Haliloglu N, Erden A, Erden I. Primary biliary cirrhosis: evaluation with T2-weighted MR imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography. Eur. J. Radiol. 69: 523-527 (2009).

• Han SW, Kim GW, Lee J, Kim YJ, Kang YM. Successful treatment with stent angioplasty for Budd-Chiari syndrome in Behcet's disease. Rheumatol. Int. 25: 234-237 (2005). *

• Hanif M, Raza J, Qureshi H, Issani Z. Etiology of chronic liver disease in children. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 54: 119-122 (2004).

• Hara N, Iwasa M, Iwata K, Miyachi H, Tanaka H, Takeo M, Fujita N, Kobayashi Y, Takei Y. Value of the extracellular water ratio for assessment of cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. Hepatol. Res. 39: 1072-1079 (2009). *

• Harmanci O, Bayraktar Y. Portal hypertension due to portal venous thrombosis: etiology, clinical outcomes. World J. Gastroenterol. 13: 2535-2540 (2007). *

• Harmon WA, Helman CA. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis and ascites. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 3: 371-373 (1981).

• Hayakawa T, Jin CX, B H Ko S, Kitagawa M, Ishiguro H. Lactoferrin in gastrointestinal disease. Intern. Med. 48: 1251-1254 (2009). *

• Hedenborg G, Jonsson G, Norman A, Wisen O. Bile constituents in ascitic fluid. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 48: 543-552 (1988).

• Heidelbaugh JJ, Bruderly M. Cirrhosis and chronic liver failure: part I. Diagnosis and evaluation. Am. Fam. Physician 74: 756-762 (2006). *

• Heidelbaugh JJ, Sherbondy M. Cirrhosis and chronic liver failure: part II. Complications and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician 74: 767-776 (2006). *

• Henz S, Buhler H, Pirovino M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: diagnostic and prognostic aspects. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 125: 2379-2386 (1995).

• Herold C, Ganslmayer M, Deynet C, Hahn EG, Schuppan D. Quantitative testing of liver function compared to prognostic scores in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver 22: 159-165 (2002).

• Herve F, Heron F, Levesque H, Marie I. Ascites as the first manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 41: 493-495 (2006). *

• Heuman DM, Abou-Assi SG, Habib A, Williams LM, Stravitz RT, Sanyal AJ, Fisher RA, Mihas AA. Persistent ascites and low serum sodium identify patients with cirrhosis and low MELD scores who are at high risk for early death. Hepatology 40: 802-810 (2004). *

• Hiasa Y, Tokumoto Y, Furukawa S, Takeshita E, Matsui H, Michitaka K, Horiike N, Onji M. Two cases of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis with ascites. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 100: 1400-1404 (2003).

• Hinterhuber L, Graziadei IW, Kahler CM, Jaschke W, Vogel W. Endothelin-receptor antagonist treatment of portopulmonary hypertension. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2: 1039-1042 (2004).

• Horak W. Etiology and clinical aspects of liver cirrhosis. Z. Gesamte. Inn. Med. 32: 16-22 (1977).

• Hsu CY, Huang YH, Su CW, Lin HC, Chiang JH, Lee PC, Lee FY, Huo TI, Lee SD. Renal failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and ascites undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. Liver Int. 30: 77-84 (2010). *

• Huang J, He X, Chen G, Zhu X, Lu M, Wang G, Fu Y, Yang Y, Guan X. Liver transplantation at the Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences in China. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 115: 543-548 (2002).

• Humar A, Beissel J, Crotteau S, Cohen M, Lake J, Payne WD. Delayed splenic artery occlusion for treatment of established small-for-size syndrome after partial liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 15: 163-168 (2009).

• Huo TI, Wu JC, Lin HC, Lee FY, Hou MC, Lee PC, Chang FY, Lee SD. Evaluation of the increase in model for end-stage liver disease (DeltaMELD) score over time as a prognostic predictor in patients with advanced cirrhosis: risk factor analysis and comparison with initial MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score. J. Hepatol. 42: 826-832 (2005). *

• Hurwich DB, Lindor KD, Hay JE, Gross JB Jr, Kaese D, Rakela J. Prevalence of peritonitis and the ascitic fluid protein concentration among chronic liver disease patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 88: 1254-1257 (1993).

• Iannitti DA, Henderson JM. The role of surgery in the treatment of portal hypertension. Clin. Liver Dis. 1: 99-114, xi (1997).

• Iannuzzi C, Cozzolino G, Negro G. Elective cholecystectomy in selected cirrhotic patients. Acta Chir. Belg. 93: 147-150 (1993).

• Ichikawa T, Uenishi T, Takemura S, Oba K, Ogawa M, Kodai S, Shinkawa H, Tanaka H, Yamamoto T, Tanaka S, Yamamoto S, Hai S, Shuto T, Hirohashi K, Kubo S. A simple, noninvasively determined index predicting hepatic failure following liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 16: 42-48 (2009). *

• Ijichi H, Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Yoshizumi T, Uchiyama H, Harada N, Yonemura Y, Maehara Y. Successful management of chylous ascites after living donor liver transplantation with somatostatin. Liver Int. 28: 143-145 (2008). *

• Ikegami T, Shimada M, Imura S. Recent role of splenectomy in chronic hepatic disorders. Hepatol. Res. 38: 1159-1171 (2008). *

• Ikuhashi Y, Yoshida S, Kennedy S, Zondervan K, Takemura N, Deguchi M, Ohara N, Maruo T. Vascular endothelial growth factor +936 C/T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of endometriosis in a Japanese population. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 86: 1352-1358 (2007).

• Inomata Y, Kiuchi T, Kim I, Uemoto S, Egawa H, Asonuma K, Fujita S, Hayashi M, Tanaka K. Auxiliary partial orthotopic living donor liver transplantation as an aid for small-for-size grafts in larger recipients. Transplantation 67: 1314-1319 (1999).

• Invernizzi P, Battezzati PM, Crosignani A, Zermiani P, Bignotto M, Del Papa N, Zuin M, Podda M. Antibody to carbonic anhydrase II is present in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) irrespective of antimitochondrial antibody status. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 114: 448-454 (1998). *

• Isabel Fiel M, Thung SN, Hytiroglou P, Emre S, Schiano TD. Liver failure and need for liver transplantation in patients with advanced hepatoportal sclerosis. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 31: 607-614 (2007).

• Ishibashi H, Komori A, Shimoda S, Gershwin ME. Guidelines for therapy of autoimmune liver disease. Semin. Liver Dis. 27: 214-226 (2007). *

• Ismail Y, Muhamad A. Protean manifestations of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Med. J. Malaysia 58: 345-349 (2003).

• Ito K, Shiraki K, Sakai T, Yoshimura H, Nakano T. Portal hypertensive colopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 11: 3127-3130 (2005). *

• Jalan R, Hayes PC. Sodium handling in patients with well compensated cirrhosis is dependent on the severity of liver disease and portal pressure. Gut 46: 527-533 (2000). *

• Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK, Sorensen HT, Vilstrup H. Clinical course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a Danish population-based cohort study. Hepatology Dec 9 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Kalaitzakis E, Johansson JE, Bjarnason I, Bjornsson E. Intestinal permeability in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 41: 326-330 (2006). *

• Kalambokis G, Economou M, Fotopoulos A, Bokharhii JA, Christos P, Paraskevi K, Konstantinos P, Katsaraki A, Tsianos EV. Effects of nitric oxide inhibition by methylene blue in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Dig. Dis. Sci. 50: 1771-1777 (2005). *

• Kalambokis G, Manousou P, Vibhakorn S, Marelli L, Cholongitas E, Senzolo M, Patch D, Burroughs AK. Transjugular liver biopsy - indications, adequacy, quality of specimens, and complications - a systematic review. J. Hepatol. 47: 284-294 (2007). *

• Kalambokis GN, Tsianos EV. Vasoconstrictor therapy for patients with cirrhosis with ascites but without hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 48: 686 (2008). *

• Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, Kremers W, Therneau TM, Kosberg CL, D'Amico G, Dickson ER, Kim WR. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 33: 464-470 (2001). *

• Kawasaki M, Yagasaki K, Miura Y, Funabiki R. Comparison of the changes in lipid metabolism between hepatoma-bearing and lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68: 72-78 (2004). *

• Kazemier G, Metselaar HJ, de Man RA, Tran TC, Groenland TH, Tilanus HW. Liver transplantation with a living donor: the first 3 cases in Rotterdam. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 152: 817-821 (2008).

• Keeffe EB, Davis GL. Advances in liver disease: highlights from the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, October 24-28, 2003. Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. 4: 36-42 (2004). *

• Kelly DM, Demetris AJ, Fung JJ, Marcos A, Zhu Y, Subbotin V, Yin L, Totsuka E, Ishii T, Lee MC, Gutierrez J, Costa G, Venkataraman R, Madariaga JR. Porcine partial liver transplantation: a novel model of the "small-for-size" liver graft. Liver Transpl. 10: 253-263 (2004). *

• Khan TT, Reddy KS, Johnston TD, Lo FK, Shedlofsky S, Grubb S, Ranjan D. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt migration in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Int. Surg. 87: 279-281 (2002).

• Kiafar C, Gilani N. Hepatic hydrothorax: current concepts of pathophysiology and treatment options. Ann. Hepatol. 7: 313-320 (2008). *

• Kikuchi H, Katsuramaki T, Kukita K, Taketani S, Meguro M, Nagayama M, Isobe M, Mizuguchi T, Hirata K. New strategy for the antifibrotic therapy with oral administration of FR260330 (a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) in rat experimental liver cirrhosis. Wound Repair Regen. 15: 881-888 (2007). *

• Kim H, Kim MJ, Park MS, Cha SW, Lim JS, Yoo HS, Kim KW. Potential conditions causing impairment of selective hepatobiliary enhancement of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced delayed magnetic resonance imaging. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 34: 113-120 (2010).

• Kim JJ, Dasika NL, Yu E, Fontana RJ. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in liver transplant recipients. Liver Int. 28: 240-248 (2008). *

• Kim NI, Jo YJ, Song MH, Kim SH, Kim TH, Park YS, Eom WY, Kim SW. Clinical features of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Korean J. Gastroenterol. 44: 217-223 (2004).

• King PD, Rumbaut R, Sanchez C. Pulmonary manifestations of chronic liver disease. Dig. Dis. 14: 73-82 (1996).

• Kiyici M, Nak SG, Budak F, Gurel S, Oral B, Dolar E, Gulten M. Lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in ascitic fluid of decompensated cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous ascites infection. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21: 963-969 (2006). *

• Koay LB, Tsai SL, Sun CS, Wu KT. Chronic autoimmune hepatitis with Epstein-Barr virus superinfection: a case report and review of literature. Hepatogastroenterology 55: 1781-1784 (2008).

• Kochar N, Tripathi D, Ireland H, Redhead DN, Hayes PC. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) modification in the management of post-TIPSS refractory hepatic encephalopathy. Gut 55: 1617-1623 (2006). *

• Kogo M, Kano A, Kiuchi Y, Mitamura K, Yoneyama K. Prognostic index for survival in patients after treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig. Dis. Sci. 52: 2444-2451 (2007). *

• Kojima K, Nagayama R, Hirama S, Maeda T, Takikawa H, Miyake K, Yamanaka M, Shiga J. Epstein-Barr virus infection resembling autoimmune hepatitis with lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase anomaly. J. Gastroenterol. 34: 706-712 (1999).

• Komatsu H, Inui A, Sogo T, Fujisawa T, Egawa H, Tanaka K. Severe hypogammaglobulinemia associated with hepatic vein stenosis causes cytomegalovirus infection after living-related liver transplantation. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 7: 41-44 (2005). *

• Krag A, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH, Moller S. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut 59: 105-110 (2010).

• Krasinskas AM, Eghtesad B, Kamath PS, Demetris AJ, Abraham SC. Liver transplantation for severe intrahepatic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Liver Transpl. 11: 627-634 (2005). *

• Krige JE, Beckingham IJ. ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system. Portal hypertension-2. Ascites, encephalopathy, and other conditions. BMJ 322: 416-418 (2001). *

• Kryczek I, Banerjee M, Cheng P, Vatan L, Szeliga W, Wei S, Huang E, Finlayson E, Simeone D, Welling TH, Chang A, Coukos G, Liu R, Zou W. Phenotype, distribution, generation, functional and clinical relevance of Th17 cells in the human tumor environments. Blood 114: 1141-1149 (2009). *

• Kuiper JJ, de Man RA, van Buuren HR. Review article: management of ascites and associated complications in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 26 Suppl. 2: 183-193 (2007). *

• Kumagi T, Heathcote JE. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 3: 1 (2008). *

• Kumar A, Jha SK, Sharma P, Dubey S, Tyagi P, Sharma BC, Sarin SK. Addition of propranolol and isosorbide mononitrate to endoscopic variceal ligation does not reduce variceal rebleeding incidence. Gastroenterology 137: 892-901.e1 (2009). *

• Kumar A, Mishra SR, Sharma P, Sharma BC, Sarin SK. Clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic parameters in portal hypertensive gastropathy: a study of 254 cirrhotics. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. Sep 1 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Kuri K, Lee M. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis manifesting with ascites. South. Med. J. 87: 956-957 (1994).

• Kuroda Y, Ono N, Akaogi J, Nacionales DC, Yamasaki Y, Barker TT, Reeves WH, Satoh M. Induction of lupus-related specific autoantibodies by non-specific inflammation caused by an intraperitoneal injection of n-hexadecane in BALB/c mice. Toxicology 218: 186-196 (2006). *

• Kusne S, Dummer JS, Singh N, Iwatsuki S, Makowka L, Esquivel C, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE, Ho M. Infections after liver transplantation. An analysis of 101 consecutive cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 67: 132-143 (1988).

• Ladron de Guevara L, Rojas-Macuil P, Sanchez-Chavez X, Rossano-Garcia A, Gorraez-de-la-Mora MT, Cervantes-Sanchez G, Orozco-Vazquez J, Lemus-Velazquez M, Rosas-Zuniga L, Erazo-Valle A, Di-Silvio M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiological profile from a cohort of federal employees in Mexico. Ann. Hepatol. 8: 212-219 (2009).

• Laffi G, Gentilini P, Romanelli RG, La Villa G. Is the use of albumin of value in the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis? The case in favour. Dig. Liver Dis. 35: 660-663 (2003).

• Lake AM. Allergic bowel disease. Adolesc. Med. Clin. 15: 105-117, ix-x (2004).

• Lakshmi MV, Sridharan GV, Butterworth D. Gallstone cirrhosis: are we only seeing the tip of the iceberg? Br. J. Clin. Pract. 47: 164-165 (1993).

• Lamireau T, Martin S, Lallier M, Marcotte JE, Alvarez F. Liver transplantation for cirrhosis in cystic fibrosis. Can. J. Gastroenterol. 20: 475-478 (2006). *

• Lasker JN, Sogolow ED, Sharim RR. The role of an online community for people with a rare disease: content analysis of messages posted on a primary biliary cirrhosis mailinglist. J. Med. Internet Res. 7: e10 (2005). *

• Lata J, Stiburek O, Kopacova M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a severe complication of liver cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 15: 5505-5510 (2009). *

• Lau A, Bay C, Nadir A. TIPS versus paracentesis for the treatment of refractory ascites. Hepatology 40: 1476 (2004). *

• Lazaridis KN, Lindor KD. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 2: 473-480 (1999).

• Le Connie D, Nguyen H. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, ascites, and pancreatitis: a case report and review of the literature. South. Med. J. 97: 905-906 (2004).

• Lech T, Hydzik P, Kosowski B. Significance of copper determination in late onset of Wilson's disease. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) 45: 688-694 (2007). *

• Lee JU, Kim YH, Lee SY, Kim KH, Chung CH, Kim KH, Son HJ, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Rhee JC. Dose ascites mean more severe Crohn's disease? Korean J. Gastroenterol. 43: 304-309 (2004).

• Lee M, Hodges WG, Huggins TL, Lee EL. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. South. Med. J. 89: 189-194 (1996).

• Lee S, Son SC, Han MJ, Kim WJ, Kim SH, Kim HR, Jeon WK, Park KH, Shin MG. Increased intestinal macromolecular permeability and urine nitrite excretion associated with liver cirrhosis with ascites. World J. Gastroenterol. 14: 3884-3890 (2008). *

• Leiva JG, Salgado JM, Estradas J, Torre A, Uribe M. Pathophysiology of ascites and dilutional hyponatremia: contemporary use of aquaretic agents. Ann. Hepatol. 6: 214-221 (2007). *

• Lenaerts A, Codden T, Meunier JC, Henry JP, Ligny G. Effects of clonidine on diuretic response in ascitic patients with cirrhosis and activation of sympathetic nervous system. Hepatology 44: 844-849 (2006). *

• Leonis MA, Balistreri WF. Evaluation and management of end-stage liver disease in children. Gastroenterology 134: 1741-1751 (2008). *

• Leuschner U, Manns MP, Eisebitt R. Ursodeoxycholic acid in the therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis: effects on progression and prognosis. Z. Gastroenterol. 43: 1051-1059 (2005).

• Levinson JR, Gordon SC. Liver diseases in the elderly. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 7: 371-385 (1991).

• Levy C, Lindor KD. Current management of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. J. Hepatol. 38: S24-S37 (2003). *

• Levy M, Wexler MJ, Fechner C. Renal perfusion in dogs with experimental hepatic cirrhosis: role of prostaglandins. Am. J. Physiol. 245: F521-F529 (1983).

• Lewis JR, Te HS, Gehlbach B, Oto A, Chennat J, Mohanty SR. A case of biliopleural fistula in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6: 248-251 (2009). *

• Licata G, Tuttolomondo A, Licata A, Parrinello G, DI Raimondo D, DI Sciacca R, Camma C, Craxi A, Paterna S, Pinto A. Clinical trial: high-dose furosemide plus small-volume hypertonic saline solutions vs. repeated paracentesis as treatment of refractory ascites. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 30: 227-235 (2009). *

• Lin CH, Yu JC, Chen TW, Chan DC, Chen CJ, Hsieh CB. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a liver transplant patient: a case report. World J. Gastroenterol. 11: 5412-5413 (2005). *

• Lindor KD. Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Ursodeoxycholic Acid Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 336: 691-695 (1997). *

• Lindor KD, Dickson ER, Baldus WP, Jorgensen RA, Ludwig J, Murtaugh PA, Harrison JM, Wiesner RH, Anderson ML, Lange SM, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 106: 1284-1290 (1994).

• Lindor KD, Wiesner RH, Colwell LJ, Steiner B, Beaver S, LaRusso NF. The combination of prednisone and colchicine in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 86: 57-61 (1991).

• Liu H, Gaskari SA, Lee SS. Cardiac and vascular changes in cirrhosis: pathogenic mechanisms. World J. Gastroenterol. 12: 837-842 (2006). *

• Llado L, Figueras J, Comi S, Torras J, Serrano T, Castellote J, Jaurrieta E. Haemophagocytic syndrome after liver transplantation in adults. Transpl. Int. 17: 221-223 (2004).

• Llovet JM, Bartolí R, Planas R, Cabre E, Jimenez M, Urban A, Ojanguren I, Arnal J, Gassull MA. Bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Its role in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gut 35: 1648-1652 (1994). *

• Loomba V, Pawar G, Dhar KL, Setia MS. Serum zinc levels in hepatic encephalopathy. Indian J. Gastroenterol. 14: 51-53 (1995).

• Lopez MJ, Lee YM. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. The American College of Gastroenterology (http://www.acg.gi.org/patients/gihealth/pdf/sclerosing.pdf) (2005). *

• Lopez-Mendez E, Chavez-Tapia NC, Avila-Escobedo L, Cabrera-Aleksandrova T, Uribe M. Early experience of Budd-Chiari syndrome treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Ann. Hepatol. 5: 157-160 (2006). *

• Louvet A, Wartel F, Castel H, Dharancy S, Hollebecque A, Canva-Delcambre V, Deltenre P, Mathurin P. Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early response to therapy is the key factor. Gastroenterology 137: 541-548 (2009). *

• Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M. Recurrent acute pancreatitis due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Case report and literature review. JOP 7: 211-217 (2006). *

• Machado MC, Coelho AM, Martins JO, Sampietre SN, Molan NA, Patzina RA, Machado MA, Jancar S. CO2 abdominal insufflation decreases local and systemic inflammatory response in experimental acute pancreatitis. Pancreas Nov 16 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Mahl TC, Shockcor W, Boyer JL. Primary biliary cirrhosis: survival of a large cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients followed for 24 years. J. Hepatol. 20: 707-713 (1994).

• Maier KP. Current diagnosis of chronic nonviral hepatitis. Schweiz. Rundsch. Med. Prax. 85: 1507-1512 (1996).

• Mailliard ME, Capadano ME, Hrnicek MJ, Gilroy RK, Gulizia JM. Outcomes of a patient-to-patient outbreak of genotype 3a hepatitis C. Hepatology 50: 361-368 (2009).

• Mandell MS, Lezotte D, Kam I, Zamudio S. Reduced use of intensive care after liver transplantation: patient attributes that determine early transfer to surgical wards. Liver Transpl. 8: 682-687 (2002). *

• Maor Y. The use of albumin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: the case in favor. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 7: 115-118 (2005). *

• Marbello L, Anghilieri M, Nosari A, Minola E, Cairoli R, Ricci F, Morra E. Aggressive systemic mastocytosis mimicking sclerosing cholangitis. Haematologica 89: ECR35 (2004). *

• Marchesini G, Bianchi G, Amodio P, Salerno F, Merli M, Panella C, Loguercio C, Apolone G, Niero M, Abbiati R; Italian Study Group for quality of life in cirrhosis. Factors associated with poor health-related quality of life of patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 120: 170-178 (2001). *

• Marcos M, Alvarez F, Brito-Zeron P, Bove A, Perez-De-Lis M, Diaz C, Sanchez-Tapias JM, Ramos-Casals M. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Sjogren's syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance in 603 patients. Autoimmun. Rev. 8: 616-620 (2009).

• Marmur J, Bergquist A, Stal P. Liver transplantation of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis: clinical characteristics and outcome. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 45: 60-69 (2010). *

• Marta S, Ewa NM, Miroslaw S, Marek S, Krzysztof L, Jan Z. The diagnostic problems in patient with ascites, elevated Ca 125 level and autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and smooth muscle antigens mimicking advanced ovarian carcinoma - case study. Ginekol. Pol. 79: 375-377 (2008).

• Martinez Torrente F, Orts Castro A, Garcia-Montoto F, Perez-Cerda F. Patient with right ventricular arrhythmogenic dysplasia, ascites and ulcerative colitis: anesthetic management during major abdominal surgery. Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim. 52: 631-633 (2005).

• Martins A, Cortez-Pinto H, Marques-Vidal P, Mendes N, Silva S, Fatela N, Gloria H, Marinho R, Tavora I, Ramalho F, de Moura MC. Treatment and prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 26: 680-687 (2006). *

• Mascarenhas MR. Treatment of gastrointestinal problems in cystic fibrosis. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 427-441 (2003).

• Mayer J, Rau B, Gansauge F, Beger HG. Inflammatory mediators in human acute pancreatitis: clinical and pathophysiological implications. Gut 47: 546-552 (2000). *

• Mayo MJ, Parkes J, Adams-Huet B, Combes B, Mills AS, Markin RS, Rubin R, Wheeler D, Contos M, West AB, Saldana S, Getachew Y, Butsch R, Luketic V, Peters M, Di Bisceglie A, Bass N, Lake J, Boyer T, Martinez E, Boyer J, Garcia-Tsao G, Barnes D, Rosenberg W. Prediction of clinical outcomes in primary biliary cirrhosis by serum enhanced liver fibrosis assay. Hepatology 48: 1549-1557 (2008). *

• McCormick A, Sultan J. Liver transplantation - patient selection and timing. Med. J. Malaysia 60 Suppl. B: 83-87 (2005).

• Meddings J. The significance of the gut barrier in disease. Gut 57: 438-440 (2008).

• Melgar-Lesmes P, Tugues S, Ros J, Fernandez-Varo G, Morales-Ruiz M, Rodes J, Jimenez W. Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 play a major role in the pathogenesis of vascular leakage in cirrhotic rats. Gut 58: 285-292 (2009). *

• Meneu-Diaz JC, Moreno Gonzalez E, Moreno Elola-Olaso A, Lopez EV, Nuno Vazquez J, Jimenez C, Turrion V, Loinaz C, Gomez R, Abradelo M. Liver recipients undergoing hepatic transplantation and subsequent retransplantation: a comparison between clinical characteristics. Hepatogastroenterology 50: 2143-2148 (2003).

• Michaels A, Levy C. The medical management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Medscape J. Med. 10: 61 (2008). *

• Michl P, Gulberg V, Bilzer M, Waggershauser T, Reiser M, Gerbes AL. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for cirrhosis and ascites: effects in patients with organic or functional renal failure. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 35: 654-658 (2000). *

• Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Liver transplantation in metabolic liver diseases. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19: S396-S397 (2004). *

• Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Approach to a child with chronic liver disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19: S377-S378 (2004). *

• Mindikoglu AL, Anantharaju A, Hartman GG, Li SD, Villanueva J, Van Thiel DH. Prochlorperazine-induced cholestasis in a patient with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Hepatogastroenterology 50: 1338-1340 (2003).

• Mitchell A, Adams LA, Macquillan G, Tibballs J, Vanden Driesen R, Delriviere L. Bevacizumab reverses need for liver transplantation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Liver Transpl. 14: 210-213 (2008). *

• Moller JM, Santoni-Rugiu E, Chabanova E, Logager V, Hansen AB, Thomsen HS. Magnetic resonance imaging with liver-specific contrast agent in primary amyloidosis and intrahepatic cholestasis. Acta Radiol. 48: 145-149 (2007).

• Montano-Loza A, Vazquez-Ballesteros E, Meza-Junco J, Villalobos-Zapata I, Olivera-Martinez M. Seropositivity for Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 29: 113-117 (2006).

• Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA, Czaja AJ. Predictive factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103: 1944-1951 (2008). *

• Moore KP, Aithal GP. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut 55 Suppl. 6: vi1-vi12 (2006). *

• Mor A, Gal R, Livneh A. Abdominal and digestive system associations of familial Mediterranean fever. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98: 2594-2604 (2003). *

• Moreau R, Delegue P, Pessione F, Hillaire S, Durand F, Lebrec D, Valla DC. Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Liver Int. 24: 457-464 (2004). *

• Moreno R, Lardennois C, Drouin-Garraud V, Verspyck E, Marret S, Laquerriere A. Prenatal revelation of Niemann-Pick disease type C in siblings. Acta Paediatr. 97: 1136-1139 (2008).

• Morioka D, Egawa H, Kasahara M, Jo T, Sakamoto S, Ogura Y, Haga H, Takada Y, Shimada H, Tanaka K. Impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatching on outcomes of living donor liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Transpl. 13: 80-90 (2007). *

• Moriwaki H, Shiraki M, Fukushima H, Shimizu M, Iwasa J, Naiki T, Nagaki M. Long-term outcome of branched-chain amino acid treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol. Res. 38 (s1: The 6 Japan Society of Hepatology Single Topic Conference: Liver Failure: Recent Progress and Pathogenesis to Management. 28-29 September 2007, Iwate, Japan): S102-S106 (2008). *

• Moseley RH. Liver and biliary tract disorders. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 23: 217-220 (2007).

• Muller CA, Belyaev O, Appelros S, Buchler M, Uhl W, Borgstrom A. Dexamethasone affects inflammation but not trypsinogen activation in experimental acute pancreatitis. Eur. Surg. Res. 40: 317-324 (2008).

• Nachimuthu S, Balamuthusamy S, Irimpen A, Delafontaine P. Calcific constrictive pericarditis with refractory hypokalemia in a patient with Gitelman's syndrome. Am. J. Med. Sci. 337: 74-76 (2009).

• Nagamine I, Yamaguchi Y, Ohara M, Ikeda T, Okada M. Induction of gamma delta T cells using zoledronate plus interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic cancer. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 58: 37-44 (2009).

• Nagata Y, Uto H, Hasuike S, Ido A, Hayashi K, Eto T, Hamakawa T, Tanaka K, Tsubouchi H. Bridging use of plasma exchange and continuous hemodiafiltration before living donor liver transplantation in fulminant Wilson's disease. Intern. Med. 42: 967-970 (2003). *

• Nagi B, Rana SS, Kochhar R, Bhasin DK. Sonoenteroclysis: a new technique for the diagnosis of small bowel diseases. Abdom. Imaging 31: 417-424 (2006). *

• Nanashima A, Obatake M, Sumida Y, Abo T, Yamane Y, Nomura M, Yuhio I, Sawai T, Takeshita H, Hidaka S, Yasutake T, Nagayasu T. Clinical significance of measuring urinary sulfated bile acids in adult patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Hepatogastroenterology 56: 299-302 (2009).

• Natarajan SK, Basivireddy J, Ramachandran A, Thomas S, Ramamoorthy P, Pulimood AB, Jacob M, Balasubramanian KA. Renal damage in experimentally-induced cirrhosis in rats: role of oxygen free radicals. Hepatology 43: 1248-1256 (2006). *

• Nava VE, Cohen P, Bishop M, Fowler D, Jaffe ES, Ozdemirli M. Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma after intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 31: 476-480 (2007).

• Navasa M, Forns X, Sanchez V, Andreu H, Marcos V, Borras JM, Rimola A, Grande L, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Granados A, Rodes J. Quality of life, major medical complications and hospital service utilization in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation. J. Hepatol. 25: 129-134 (1996). *

• Nawa Y, Kawahara KI, Tancharoen S, Meng X, Sameshima H, Ito T, Masuda Y, Imaizumi H, Hashiguchi T, Maruyama I. Nucleophosmin may act as an alarmin: implications for severe sepsis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86: 645-653 (2009). *

• Nazareno J, Taves D, Preiksaitis HG. Metastatic breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract: a case series and review of the literature. World J. Gastroenterol. 12: 6219-6224 (2006). *

• Neuberger J. Liver transplantation for autoimmune liver diseases. Falk Symposium 142: GASTROENTEROLOGY WEEK FREIBURG 2004 (Part I) AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASE, Freiburg (Germany), October 12 - 13, 2004, pp. 82-83 (2004). *

• Neuberger J. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: indications for transplantation and recurrence. Falk Symposium 136. XII FALK LIVER WEEK 2003 (Part I) In Honour of Hans Popper’s 100th Birthday. Cholestatic Liver Diseases: Therapeutical Options and Perspectives. Freiburg (Germany). p. 93-94. October 15-16 (2003). *

• Neuberger J. Liver transplantation for cholestatic liver disease. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 113-121 (2003).

• Neuberger J, Gunson B, Komolmit P, Davies MH, Christensen E. Pretransplant prediction of prognosis after liver transplantation in primary sclerosing cholangitis using a Cox regression model. Hepatology 29: 1375-1379 (1999). *

• Neuhauser M, Bjornsson E, Treeprasertsuk S, Enders F, Silveira M, Talwalkar J, Lindor K. Autoimmune hepatitis-PBC overlap syndrome: a simplified scoring system may assist in the diagnosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. Nov 3 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Ng VL, Balistreri WF. Treatment options for chronic cholestasis in infancy and childhood. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 8: 419-430 (2005).

• Nguyen-Khac E, Cadranel JF, Thevenot T, Nousbaum JB. Review article: the utility of reagent strips in the diagnosis of infected ascites in cirrhotic patients. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 28: 282-288 (2008). *

• Nielsen DL. Mechanisms and functional aspects of multidrug resistance in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Dan. Med. Bull. 51: 393-414 (2004). *

• Nolte W, Figulla HR, Ringe B, Wiltfang J, Munke H, Hartmann H, Pausch J, Ramadori G. Refractory hydrothorax in primary biliary cirrhosis: successful treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 122: 1275-1280 (1997).

• Nousbaum JB, Cadranel JF, Nahon P, Khac EN, Moreau R, Thevenot T, Silvain C, Bureau C, Nouel O, Pilette C, Paupard T, Vanbiervliet G, Oberti F, Davion T, Jouannaud V, Roche B, Bernard PH, Beaulieu S, Danne O, Thabut D, Chagneau-Derrode C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the Multistix 8 SG reagent strip in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 45: 1275-1281 (2007). *

• Nouso K, Kobayashi Y, Nakamura S, Kobayashi S, Toshimori J, Kuwaki K, Hagihara H, Onishi H, Miyake Y, Ikeda F, Shiraha H, Takaki A, Iwasaki Y, Kobashi H, Yamamoto K. Evolution of prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 31: 407-414 (2010). *

• Nozue T, Kobayashi A, Uemasu F, Takagi Y, Endoh H, Sako A. Plasma endothelin-1 levels of children with cirrhosis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 21: 220-223 (1995).

• Nyblom H, Bjornsson E, Simren M, Aldenborg F, Almer S, Olsson R. The AST/ALT ratio as an indicator of cirrhosis in patients with PBC. Liver Int. 26: 840-845 (2006). *

• O'Leary JG, Lepe R, Davis GL. Indications for liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 134: 1764-1776 (2008). *

• Ouwendijk RJ, Koster JC, Wilson JH, Stibbe J, Lameris JS, Visser W, Benhamou JP. Budd-Chiari syndrome in a young patient with anticardiolipin antibodies: need for prolonged anticoagulant treatment. Gut 35: 1004-1006 (1994). *

• Owczarek D, Garlicka M, Pierzchala-Koziec K, Skulina D, Szulewski P. Met-enkephalin plasma concentration and content in liver tissue in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Przegl. Lek. 60: 461-466 (2003).

• Owen CA Jr. Copper and hepatic function. Ciba Found. Symp. 79: 267-282 (1980).

• Paredes AH, Lewis JH. Terbinafine-induced acute autoimmune hepatitis in the setting of hepatitis B virus infection. Ann. Pharmacother. 41: 880-884 (2007).

• Pares A. Natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 31: 500-507 (2008).

• Pares A, Rodes J. Natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin. Liver Dis. 7: 779-794 (2003).

• Parsi MA, Atreja A, Zein NN. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent data on incidence and treatment. Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 71: 569-576 (2004). *

• Pasha T, Heathcote J, Gabriel S, Cauch-Dudek K, Jorgensen R, Therneau T, Dickson ER, Lindor KD. Cost-effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 29: 21-26 (1999). *

• Paskonis M, Jurgaitis J, Mehrabi A, Kashfi A, Fonouni H, Strupas K, Buchler MW, Kraus TW. Surgical strategies for liver transplantation in the case of portal vein thrombosis - current role of cavoportal hemitransposition and renoportal anastomosis. Clin. Transplant. 20: 551-562 (2006). *

• Pelizzo G, Codrich D, Zennaro F, Dell'oste C, Maso G, D'Ottavio G, Schleef J. Prenatal detection of the cystic form of meconium peritonitis: no issues for delayed postnatal surgery. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 24: 1061-1065 (2008).

• Penketh AR, Wise A, Mearns MB, Hodson ME, Batten JC. Cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults. Thorax 42: 526-532 (1987). *

• Pepels MJ, Peters FP, Mebis JJ, Ceelen TL, Hoofwijk AG, Erdkamp FL. Sclerosing peritonitis: an unusual cause of ascites in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Neth. J. Med. 64: 346-349 (2006). *

• Perez Fernandez T, Lopez Serrano P, Tomas E, Gutierrez M, Lledo J, Cacho G, Santander C, Fernandez Rodriguez C. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to cholestatic liver disease. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 96: 60-73 (2004).

• Perkins JD. Treatment of small-for-size syndrome. Liver Transpl. 14: 571-575 (2008). *

• Peters RA, Koukoulis G, Gimson A, Portmann B, Westaby D, Williams R. Primary amyloidosis and severe intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice. Gut 35: 1322-1325 (1994). *

• Piazzese E, Montalti R, Beltempo P, Bertelli R, Puviani L, Pacile V, Nardo B, Cavallari A. Incidence, predisposing factors, and results of surgical treatment of incisional hernia after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 36: 3097-3098 (2004). *

• Pilati G, Villecco AS, Allegro G. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis simulating ascites (eosinophilic ascites). Presentation of a case and review of the literature. Minerva Med. 76: 2319-2321 (1985).

• Plessier A, Darwish-Murad S, Hernandez-Guerra M, Consigny Y, Fabris F, Trebicka J, Heller J, Morard I, Lasser L, Langlet P, Denninger MH, Vidaud D, Condat B, Hadengue A, Primignani M, Garcia-Pagan JC, Janssen HL, Valla D. Acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis: a prospective multicenter follow-up study. Hepatology 51: 210-218 (2010).

• Pomier-Layrargues P. Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement: is it mandatory in the management of portal hypertension? J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19: S158-S161 (2004). *

• Portincasa P, Vacca M, Moschetta A, Petruzzelli M, Palasciano G, van-Erpecum KJ, van-Berge-Henegouwen GP. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: updates in diagnosis and therapy. World J. Gastroenterol. 11: 7-16 (2005). *

• Poupon R. Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis and overlap syndromes: current standards. Falk Symposium 142: GASTROENTEROLOGY WEEK FREIBURG 2004 (Part I) AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASE, Freiburg (Germany), October 12 - 13, 2004, pp. 77-78 (2004). *

• Poupon RE, Balkau B, Eschwege E, Poupon R. A multicenter, controlled trial of ursodiol for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. UDCA-PBC Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 324: 1548-1554 (1991).

• Poupon RE, Poupon R, Balkau B. Ursodiol for the long-term treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. The UDCA-PBC Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 330: 1342-1347 (1994).

• Poynard T, Zourabichvili O, Hilpert G, Naveau S, Poitrine A, Benatar C, Chaput JC. Prognostic value of total serum bilirubin/gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ratio in cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 4: 324-327 (1984).

• Principe A, Melgar-Lesmes P, Fernandez-Varo G, del Arbol LR, Ros J, Morales-Ruiz M, Bernardi M, Arroyo V, Jimenez W. The hepatic apelin system: a new therapeutic target for liver disease. Hepatology 48: 1193-1201 (2008). *

• Pytrus T, Iwanczak B, Smigiel R, Ryzko J, Socha P, Iwanczak F. Ascites and extreme lipid abnormalities as initial symptoms of cystic fibrosis in a 5-years-old girl - case report. Pol. Merkur. Lekarski. 27: 388-392 (2009).

• Quack I, Sellin L, Buchner NJ, Theegarten D, Rump LC, Henning BF. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a young girl - long term remission under Montelukast. BMC Gastroenterol. 5: 24 (2005). *

• Rabie RN, Cazzaniga M, Salerno F, Wong F. The use of E/A ratio as a predictor of outcome in cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104: 2458-2466 (2009). *

• Radha Krishna Y, Saraswat VA, Das K, Himanshu G, Yachha SK, Aggarwal R, Choudhuri G. Clinical features and predictors of outcome in acute hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus hepatitis on cirrhosis. Liver Int. 29: 392-398 (2009). *

• Rafeey M, Kianrad M, Hasani A. Autoimmune hepatitis in Iranian children. Indian J. Gastroenterol. 26: 11-13 (2007). *

• Ramirez MJ, Titos E, Claria J, Navasa M, Fernandez J, Rodes J. Increased apoptosis dependent on caspase-3 activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with cirrhosis and ascites. J. Hepatol. 41: 44-48 (2004). *

• Ramkumar D, Schulze KS. Gastroduodenal motility. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 19: 540-545 (2003).

• Raskopf E, Dzienisowicz C, Hilbert T, Rabe C, Leifeld L, Wernert N, Sauerbruch T, Prieto J, Qian C, Caselmann WH, Schmitz V. Effective angiostatic treatment in a murine metastatic and orthotopic hepatoma model. Hepatology 41: 1233-1240 (2005). *

• Raslan HM, Ezzat WM, Abd El Hamid MF, Emam H, Amre KS. Skin manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Cairo, Egypt. East. Mediterr. Health J. 15: 692-700 (2009).

• Rav-Acha M, Gur C, Ilan Y, Verstandig A, Eid A. Budd-Chiari syndrome: updated treatment modalities. Harefuah. 143: 372-376, 389 (2004).

• Resnick D, Krinsky GA, Lavelle MT, Lee VS, Keogan MT, Morrin MM. Do patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis have a greater frequency of pancreatic abnormalities at MRI than patients with other liver diseases? J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 26: 994-999 (2002).

• Ricci P, Therneau TM, Malinchoc M, Benson JT, Petz JL, Klintmalm GB, Crippin JS, Wiesner RH, Steers JL, Rakela J, Starzl TE, Dickson ER. A prognostic model for the outcome of liver transplantation in patients with cholestatic liver disease. Hepatology 25: 672-677 (1997). *

• Richer O, Ulinski T, Lemelle I, Ranchin B, Loirat C, Piette JC, Pillet P, Quartier P, Salomon R, Bader-Meunier B. Abdominal manifestations in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66: 174-178 (2007). *

• Riggio O, Efrati C, Catalano C, Pediconi F, Mecarelli O, Accornero N, Nicolao F, Angeloni S, Masini A, Ridola L, Attili AF, Merli M. High prevalence of spontaneous portal-systemic shunts in persistent hepatic encephalopathy: a case-control study. Hepatology 42: 1158-1165 (2005). *

• Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, Piddock LJ, Planas R, Bernard B, Inadomi JM. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J. Hepatol. 32: 142-153 (2000). *

• Robles M, Andrade R. Hepatotoxicity by antibiotics: update in 2008. Rev. Esp. Quimioter. 21: 224-233 (2008).

• Rochman J, Chaimovitz C, Eidelman S, Better OS. Renal handling of sodium, water and divalent ions in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 81: 121-129 (1977).

• Rockey DC. Update on treatment of portal hypertension. 54th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2003).

• Roll J, Boyer JL, Barry D, Klatskin G. The prognostic importance of clinical and histologic features in asymptomatic and symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 308: 1-7 (1983).

• Romeo R, Del Ninno E, Rumi M, Russo A, Sangiovanni A, de Franchis R, Ronchi G, Colombo M. A 28-year study of the course of hepatitis Delta infection, a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 136: 1629-1638 (2009). *

• Roulot D, Degott C, Chazouilleres O, Oberti F, Cales P, Carbonell N, Benferhat S, Bresson-Hadni S, Valla D. Vascular involvement of the liver in Turner's syndrome. Hepatology 39: 239-247 (2004). *

• Ruiz Montes F, Rene Espinet JM, Rubio Caballero M. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: review of the published cases in Spain and comparison with foreign literature. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 81: 270-279 (1992).

• Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update. Hepatology 50: 1321 (2009).

• Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update. Hepatology 49: 2087-2107 (2009). *

• Russo MW, Brown RS Jr. Ethical issues in living donor liver transplantation. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 5: 26-30 (2003).

• Russo MW, Sood A, Jacobson IM, Brown RS Jr. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites: an analysis of the literature on efficacy, morbidity, and mortality. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98: 2521-2527 (2003). *

• Rydning A, Schrumpf E, Abdelnoor M, Elgjo K, Jenssen E. Factors of prognostic importance in primary biliary cirrhosis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 25: 119-126 (1990).

• Ryu RK, Durham JD, Krysl J, Shrestha R, Shrestha R, Everson GT, Stephens J, Kam I, Wachs M, Kumpe DA. Role of TIPS as a bridge to hepatic transplantation in Budd-Chiari syndrome. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 10: 799-805 (1999).

• Saab S, Hernandez JC, Chi AC, Tong MJ. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis reduces spontaneous bacterial peritonitis occurrence and improves short-term survival in cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104: 993-1001 (2009). *

• Saadeh S, Davis GL. Management of ascites in patients with end-stage liver disease. Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. 4: 175-185 (2004).

• Sahar T, Brezis M, Soares-Weiser K. Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2: CD004791 (2004). *

• Sahni VA, Raghunathan G, Mearadji B, Ukomadu C, Glickman J, Silverman SG, Erturk SM, Mortele KJ. Autoimmune hepatitis: CT and MR imaging features with histopathological correlation. Abdom. Imaging 35: 75-84 (2010). *

• Said A, Einstein M, Lucey MR. Liver transplantation: an update 2007. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 23: 292-298 (2007).

• Salerno F, Cazzaniga M. TIPS versus paracentesis for the treatment of refractory ascites. Hepatology 40: 1476-1477 (2004). *

• Salerno F, Merli M, Riggio O, Cazzaniga M, Valeriano V, Pozzi M, Nicolini A, Salvatori F. Randomized controlled study of TIPS versus paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites. Hepatology 40: 629-635 (2004). *

• Sam J, Nguyen GC. Protein-calorie malnutrition as a prognostic indicator of mortality among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Liver Int. 29: 1396-1402 (2009). *

• Samuel D. MELD-Na as a prognostic score for cirrhotic patients: hyponatremia and ascites are back in the game. J. Hepatol. 50: 836-838 (2009). *

• Sanchez E, Casafont F, Guerra A, de Benito I, Pons-Romero F. Role of intestinal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal motility in bacterial translocation in experimental cirrhosis. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 97: 805-814 (2005).

• Sanchez E, Such J, Teresa Chiva M, Soriano G, Llovet T, Merce J, Sancho F, Munoz C, Song XY, Perez-Mateo M, Balanzo J, Guarner C. Development of an experimental model of induced bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic rats with or without ascites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102: 1230-1236 (2007). *

• Sanchez MJ, Buti M, Homs M, Palacios A, Rodriguez-Frias F, Esteban R. Successful use of entecavir for a severe case of reactivation of hepatitis B virus following polychemotherapy containing rituximab. J. Hepatol. 51: 1091-1096 (2009).

• Sanchez-Urdazpal L, Czaja AJ, van Hoek B, Krom RA, Wiesner RH. Prognostic features and role of liver transplantation in severe corticosteroid-treated autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 15: 215-221 (1992).

• Sandhu BS, Sanyal AJ. Management of ascites in cirrhosis. Clin. Liver Dis. 9: 715-732 (2005).

• Santos J, Junquera F, de Torres I, Molero X, Vilaseca J, Malagelada JR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as ascites and splenomegaly. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7: 675-678 (1995).

• Sanyal AJ. Pros and cons of TIPS for refractory ascites. J. Hepatol. 43: 924-925 (2005). *

• Sari R, Yildirim B, Sevinc A, Bahceci F, Hilmioglu F. Gallbladder contractility in patients with cirrhotic versus malignant ascites. J. Clin. Ultrasound 30: 477-480 (2002). *

• Sarin SK, Monga R, Sandhu BS, Sharma BC, Sakhuja P, Malhotra V. Primary biliary cirrhosis in India. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. 5: 105-109 (2006). *

• Savidou I, Deutsch M, Soultati AS, Koudouras D, Kafiri G, Dourakis SP. Hepatotoxicity induced by cyproterone acetate: a report of three cases. World J. Gastroenterol. 12: 7551-7555 (2006). *

• Scarpellini E, Valenza V, Gabrielli M, Lauritano EC, Perotti G, Merra G, Dal Lago A, Ojetti V, Ainora ME, Santoro M, Ghirlanda G, Gasbarrini A. Intestinal permeability in cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: is the ring closed? Am. J. Gastroenterol. Oct 20 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Schiano TD, Bodian C, Schwartz ME, Glajchen N, Min AD. Accuracy and significance of computed tomographic scan assessment of hepatic volume in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Transplantation 69: 545-550 (2000).

• Scholz DG, Nagorney DM, Lindor KD. Poor outcome from peritoneovenous shunts for refractory ascites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 84: 540-543 (1989).

• Schulz RJ, Bischoff SC, Koletzko B; Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine. Gastroenterology - Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 15. Ger. Med. Sci. 7: Doc13 (2009).

• Schumann M, Preiss JC, Loddenkemper C, Gunther U, Somasundaram R, Siegmund B, Zeitz M. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: a side effect of azathioprine in a patient with Crohn's disease. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 133: 1897-1900 (2008).

• Schuppan D, Jia JD, Brinkhaus B, Hahn EG. Herbal products for liver diseases: a therapeutic challenge for the new millennium. Hepatology 30: 1099-1104 (1999). *

• Schweizer M, Schweizer P, Knupfer R, Dietz K. Extrahepatic bile duct atresia. Comparison of surgical and non-surgical therapy. Monatsschr. Kinderheilkd. 140: 422-425 (1992).

• Scolapio JS, Ukleja A, McGreevy K, Burnett OL, O'Brien PC. Nutritional problems in end-stage liver disease: contribution of impaired gastric emptying and ascites. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 34: 89-93 (2002).

• Sebastian S, Tuite D, Crotty P, Torreggiani W, Buckley MJ. Painful ascites. Gut 53: 1344 (2004). *

• Selimoglu MA, Ertekin V, Turkan Y, Akcay F. Serum nitric oxide levels in children with Wilson's disease. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 61: 1530-1534 (2007).

• Selvaggi G, Tzakis A. Surgical considerations in liver transplantation: small for size syndrome. Panminerva Med. 51: 227-233 (2009).

• Selvaggi G, Weppler D, Nishida S, Moon J, Levi D, Kato T, Tzakis AG. Ten-year experience in porto-caval hemitransposition for liver transplantation in the presence of portal vein thrombosis. Am. J. Transplant. 7: 454-460 (2007). *

• Sema K, Takei M, Uenogawa K, Horikoshi A, Hosokawa Y, Matsuda M, Henmi A, Sawada S. Felty's syndrome with chronic hepatitis and compatible autoimmune hepatitis: a case presentation. Intern. Med. 44: 335-341 (2005). *

• Senzolo M, Cholongitas E, Burra P, Leandro G, Thalheimer U, Patch D, Burroughs AK. beta-Blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis. Liver Int. 29: 1189-1193 (2009). *

• Senzolo M, Germani G, Cholongitas E, Burra P, Burroughs AK. Veno-occlusive disease: update on clinical management. World J. Gastroenterol. 13: 3918-3924 (2007). *

• Seo YS, Jung ES, An H, Kim JH, Jung YK, Kim JH, Yim HJ, Yeon JE, Byun KS, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Um SH. Serum cystatin C level is a good prognostic marker in patients with cirrhotic ascites and normal serum creatinine levels. Liver Int. 29: 1521-1527 (2009). *

• Serste T, Moreno C, Francoz C, Razek WA, Paugham C, Belghitti J, Valla D, Moreau R, Durand F. The impact of preoperative hepatic hydrothorax on the outcome of adult liver transplantation. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Sep 23 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Sevenet F, Capron JP. Asymptomatic forms of primary biliary cirrhosis seen in 10 years in Picardie. Presse. Med. 15: 1957-1960 (1986).

• Shah S, Ali L, Sattar RA, Aziz T, Ansari T, Ara J. Malarial hepatopathy in falciparum malaria. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 19: 367-370 (2009).

• Shaheen AA, Kaplan GG, Hubbard JN, Myers RP. Morbidity and mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with cirrhosis: a population-based study. Liver Int. 29: 1141-1151 (2009).

• Shaheen AA, Myers RP. The outcomes of pregnancy in patients with cirrhosis: a population-based study. Liver Int. 30: 275-283 (2010). *

• Sheikh RA, Prindiville TP, Pecha RE, Ruebner BH. Unusual presentations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis: case series and review of literature. World J. Gastroenterol. 15: 2156-2161 (2009). *

• Shen B, Remzi FH, Fazio VW. Fulminant Clostridium difficile-associated pouchitis with a fatal outcome. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6: 492-495 (2009).

• Sherlock S, Shaldon S. The aetiology and management of ascites in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: a review. Gut 4: 95-105 (1963). *

• Shiffman ML, Morishima C, Dienstag JL, Lindsay KL, Hoefs JC, Lee WM, Wright EC, Naishadham D, Everson GT, Lok AS, Di Bisceglie AM, Bonkovsky HL, Ghany MG; HALT-C Trial Group. Effect of HCV RNA suppression during peginterferon alfa-2A maintenance therapy on clinical outcomes in the HALT-C trial. Gastroenterology 137: 1986-1994 (2009). *

• Shigeto T, Yokoyama Y, Xin B, Mizunuma H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma ligands inhibit the growth of human ovarian cancer. Oncol. Rep. 18: 833-840 (2007). *

• Shimada M, Ijichi H, Yonemura Y, Harada N, Shiotani S, Ninomiya M, Terashi T, Yoshizumi T, Soejima Y, Suehiro T, Maehara Y. The impact of splenectomy or splenic artery ligation on the outcome of a living donor adult liver transplantation using a left lobe graft. Hepatogastroenterology 51: 625-629 (2004).

• Shneider BL, Neimark E, Frankenberg T, Arnott L, Suchy FL, Emre S. Critical analysis of the pediatric end-stage liver disease scoring system: a single center experience. Liver Transpl. 11: 788-795 (2005). *

• Siciliano M, Milani A, Marra L, Arringoli D, Rossi L. Serum bile acids in cirrhosis: correlation with liver function parameters and with the severity of the disease. Quad. Sclavo. Diagn. 22: 355-361 (1986).

• Siller-Lopez F, Sandoval A, Salgado S, Salazar A, Bueno M, Garcia J, Vera J, Galvez J, Hernandez I, Ramos M, Aguilar-Cordova E, Armendariz-Borunda J. Treatment with human metalloproteinase-8 gene delivery ameliorates experimental rat liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 126: 1122-1133 (2004). *

• Silveira MG, Talwalkar JA, Angulo P, Lindor KD. Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: long-term outcomes. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102: 1244-1250 (2007). *

• Singh N, Husain S, De Vera M, Gayowski T, Cacciarelli TV. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in patients with cirrhosis, including liver transplant candidates. Medicine (Baltimore) 83: 188-192 (2004).

• Sogaard KK, Astrup LB, Vilstrup H, Gronbaek H. Portal vein thrombosis; risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment. BMC Gastroenterol. 7: 34 (2007). *

• Somsouk M, Guy J, Biggins SW, Vittinghoff E, Kohn MA, Inadomi JM. Ascites improves upon serum sodium and MELD for predicting mortality in patients with advanced liver disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 30: 741-748 (2009). *

• Spahr L, Bresson-Hadni S, Amann P, Kern I, Golaz O, Frossard JL, Hadengue A. Allopurinol, oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in patients with cirrhosis: an open-label pilot study. Liver Int. 27: 54-60 (2007). *

• Squires RH. End-stage liver disease in children. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 4: 409-421 (2001).

• Stewart CA, Wertheim J, Olthoff K, Furth EE, Brensinger C, Markman J, Shaked A. Ascites after liver transplantation - a mystery. Liver Transpl. 10: 654-660 (2004). *

• Stoffel EM, Spigel DR, Grace ND. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia presenting as new-onset ascites. J. Hepatol. 41: 689-690 (2004). *

• Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Approaches to liver biopsy techniques-revisited. Semin. Liver Dis. 26: 318-327 (2006).

• Struben VM, Hespenheide EE, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis within kindreds. Am. J. Med. 108: 9-13 (2000). *

• Sudan DL, Shaw BW Jr. The role of liver transplantation in the management of portal hypertension. Clin. Liver Dis. 1: 115-120, xii (1997).

• Sugai M, Umezu H, Yamamoto T, Jiang S, Iwanari H, Tanaka T, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Naito M. Expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in primary ovarian mucinous tumors. Pathol. Int. 58: 681-686 (2008). *

• Summerskill WH, Clowdus BF 2nd, Rosevear JW. Long-term medical management and complications of 'resistant' ascites. Gut 2: 285-296 (1961). *

• Sun J, Li Y, Sun Y, Yu M, Feng J, Shen B. Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against human B lymphocyte stimulator. Hybridoma (Larchmt.) 25: 80-85 (2006).

• Surrenti C, Pozzi M, Biagini MR, Franco C, Lombardo R, Avanzi G. Effects of plasma exchange (PE) in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). A pilot study. Hepatogastroenterology 37: 128-130 (1990).

• Suzukawa M, Nakazora T, Kawasaki Y, Tominaga T, Shinohara K. Massive ascites associated with all-trans retinoic acid treatment in therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia. Intern. Med. 49: 457-460 (2010). *

• Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Shinoda M, Takashi H, Yamaguchi H, Murayama M, Kamiya T, Morise K, Tashiro K, Kimura M, Yamagishi S, Ando T, Goto H. An autopsy case of colon cancer associated ulcerative colitis complicated focal squamous cell carcinoma. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 104: 684-689 (2007).

• Tai YG, Liu JD, Lin KY, Chang JG, Wang CK, Siauw CP, Chen PH. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with eosinophilic ascites: report of a case. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 89: 901-904 (1990).

• Takahashi K, Funayama Y, Fukushima K, Shibata C, Ogawa H, Sasaki I. Ileal J-pouch perforation at the blind end: report of a case. Surg. Today 39: 1080-1082 (2009). *

• Talley NJ, Shorter RG, Phillips SF, Zinsmeister AR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a clinicopathological study of patients with disease of the mucosa, muscle layer, and subserosal tissues. Gut 31: 54-58 (1990). *

• Talwalkar JA. An evidence-based approach to studies in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: medical management of mild to moderate ascites. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1: 474-479 (2003). *

• Tanaka H, Kageyama K, Kimura M, Iwamoto SI, Ueno Y, Asagi K, Asada R, Miwa N. Promotive effects of hyperthermia on the inhibition of DNA synthesis in ehrlich ascites tumor cells by eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Exp. Oncol. 28: 203-208 (2006). *

• Tanaka K, Ogura Y. "Small-for-size graft" and "small-for-size syndrome" in living donor liver transplantation. Yonsei Med. J. 45: 1089-1094 (2004). *

• Tarquini R, Masini E, La Villa G, Barletta G, Novelli M, Mastroianni R, Romanelli RG, Vizzutti F, Santosuosso U, Laffi G. Increased plasma carbon monoxide in patients with viral cirrhosis and hyperdynamic circulation. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104: 891-897 (2009). *

• Tassoni JP Jr, Fawaz KA, Johnston DE. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension in a patient with adult Niemann-Pick disease. Gastroenterology 100: 567-569 (1991).

• Tekin F, Vatansever S, Ozutemiz O, Musoglu A, Ilter T. Severe exudative ascites as an initial presentation of Crohn's disease. Turk. J. Gastroenterol. 16: 171-173 (2005). *

• Therapondos G, Hol L, Benjaminov F, Wong F. The effect of single oral low-dose losartan on posture-related sodium handling in post-TIPS ascites-free cirrhosis. Hepatology 44: 640-649 (2006). *

• Thoeni RF, Cello JP. CT imaging of colitis. Radiology 240: 623-638 (2006). *

• Thomas M, Caroli J. Polycythemia and Budd-Chiari syndrome. Apropos of 17 cases. Ann. Med. Interne (Paris) 122: 1175-1186 (1971).

• Tomei E, Diacinti D, Marini M, Mastropasqua M, Di Tola M, Sabbatella L, Picarelli A. Abdominal CT findings may suggest coeliac disease. Dig. Liver Dis. 37: 402-406 (2005).

• Tomei E, Semelka RC, Braga L, Laghi A, Paolantonio P, Marini M, Passariello R, Di Tola M, Sabbatella L, Picarelli A. Adult celiac disease: what is the role of MRI? J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 24: 625-629 (2006).

• Tox U, Goeser T. Therapy of complications of hepatic cirrhosis. Schweiz. Rundsch. Med. Prax. 94: 727-733 (2005).

• Tran TT. Liver transplantation: a clinical update. 54th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2003).

• Trotter JF, Brimhall B, Arjal R, Phillips C. Specific laboratory methodologies achieve higher model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scores for patients listed for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 10: 995-1000 (2004). *

• Trotter JF, Suhocki PV, Rockey DC. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with refractory ascites: effect on body weight and Child-Pugh score. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 93: 1891-1894 (1998). *

• Tsiaousi ET, Hatzitolios AI, Trygonis SK, Savopoulos CG. Malnutrition in end stage liver disease: recommendations and nutritional support. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 23: 527-533 (2008). *

• Tsuchiya K, Isogai S, Tamaoka M, Inase N, Akashi T, Martin JG, Yoshizawa Y. Depletion of CD8+ T cells enhances airway remodelling in a rodent model of asthma. Immunology 126: 45-54 (2009). *

• Turkcapar N, Ozyuncu N, Cinar K, Ensari A, Kucuk O, Idilman R, Duman N, Ozden A. A case of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with protein-losing enteropathy. Turk. J. Gastroenterol. 17: 226-230 (2006). *

• Turnes J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Abraldes JG, Hernandez-Guerra M, Dell'Era A, Bosch J. Pharmacological reduction of portal pressure and long-term risk of first variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101: 506-512 (2006). *

• Uchida Y, Watanabe M. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations are elevated in acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis but not in chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterol. Jpn. 28: 666-672 (1993).

• Uriz J, Gines P, Ortega R, Jimenez W, Cardenas A, Calahorra B, Sort P, Fernandez J, Bataller R, Arroyo V, Rivera F, Rodes J. Increased plasma levels of neuropeptide Y in hepatorenal syndrome. J. Hepatol. 36: 349-355 (2002). *

• Usui M, Isaji S, Das BC, Kobayashi M, Osawa I, Iida T, Sakurai H, Tabata M, Yorifuji T, Egawa H, Uemoto S. Liver retransplantation with external biliary diversion for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1: a case report. Pediatr. Transplant. 13: 611-614 (2009). *

• Valentini P, Ausili E, Schiavino A, Angelone DF, Focarelli B, De Rosa G, Ranno O. Acute cholestasis: atypical onset of Kawasaki disease. Dig. Liver Dis. 40: 582-584 (2008).

• Valera JM, Nei Lu C, Smok G, Fernandez M, Regonesi C, Brahm J. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, idiopathic ulcerative colitis and portal thrombosis. Report of one case. Rev. Med. Chil. 132: 1091-1095 (2004).

• Valeriano V, Funaro S, Lionetti R, Riggio O, Pulcinelli G, Fiore P, Masini A, De Castro S, Merli M. Modification of cardiac function in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95: 3200-3205 (2000). *

• Valla DC. Hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome). Semin. Liver Dis. 22: 5-14 (2002).

• Van Bodegraven AA, Pena AS. Treatment of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 201-212 (2003).

• van Dam GM, Gips CH, Reisman Y, Maas KW, Purmer IM, Huizenga JR, Verbaan BW. Major clinical events, signs and severity assessment scores related to actual survival in patients who died from primary biliary cirrhosis. A long-term historical cohort study. Hepatogastroenterology 46: 108-115 (1999).

• Van Erpecum KJ. Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 243: 79-84 (2006). *

• van Hoogstraten HJ, Wolfhagen FH, verg PC, Kuiper H, Nix GA, Becx MC, Hoek AC, van Houte DP, Rijk MC, Salemans JM, Scherpenisse J, Schrijver M, Smit AM, Spoelstra P, Stadhouders PH, Tan TG, Hop WC, ten Kate FJ, vanBerge-Henegouwen GP, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis: results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial to evaluate single versus multiple daily doses. J. Hepatol. 29: 417-423 (1998). *

• van Leeuwen DJ, Sood G, Ferrante D, Lazenby AJ, Sellers MJ. A 38-year-old African-American woman with an unusually rapid progression of "Primary Biliary Cirrhosis": a missed opportunity! Semin. Liver Dis. 22: 395-406 (2002).

• Vannozzi G, Tozzi A, Chibbaro G, Mello G, Ponzalli M. Hepatic and mesenteric sarcoidosis without thoracic involvement: a case of severe noncirrhotic portal hypertension and successful pregnancy. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20: 1032-1035 (2008).

• Vassiliadis T, Mpoumponaris A, Giouleme O, Hatzidakis A, Patsiaoura K, Zezos P, Vakalopoulou S, Kargiotis K, Gkisakis D, Katsinelos P, Evgenidis N. Late onset ulcerative colitis complicating a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21: 109-113 (2009).

• Vasta F, Luca A, Miraglia R, Spada M, Gruttadauria S, Verzaro R, Cintorino D, Mandala L, Arcadipane A, Vizzini G, Gridelli B. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in adult liver recipient with delayed graft function. Transplant. Proc. 37: 2626-2628 (2005). *

• Verhave JC, van Altena R, Wijnands MJ, Roerdink HT. Tuberculous peritonitis during infliximab therapy. Neth. J. Med. 66: 77-80 (2008). *

• Vesela K, Honzik T, Hansikova H, Haeuptle MA, Semberova J, Stranak Z, Hennet T, Zeman J. A new case of ALG8 deficiency (CDG Ih). J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. Aug 18 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Vignes S, Bellanger J. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease). Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 3: 5 (2008). *

• Villanueva C, Aracil C, Colomo A, Hernandez-Gea V, Lopez-Balaguer JM, Alvarez-Urturi C, Torras X, Balanzo J, Guarner C. Acute hemodynamic response to beta-blockers and prediction of long-term outcome in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology 137: 119-128 (2009). *

• Vlachogiannakos J, Carpenter J, Goulis J, Triantos C, Patch D, Burroughs AK. Variceal bleeding in primary biliary cirrhosis patients: a subgroup with improved prognosis and a model to predict survival after first bleeding. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21: 701-707 (2009).

• Vlachogiannakos J, Saveriadis AS, Viazis N, Theodoropoulos I, Foudoulis K, Manolakopoulos S, Raptis S, Karamanolis DG. Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol related decompensated cirrhosis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 29: 992-999 (2009). *

• Vodovnik A, Logishetty K. Actinomycosis complicating sigmoid diverticular disease: a case report. Cases J. 2: 6456 (2009). *

• Vogel Y, Bous JC, Winnekendonk G, Henning BF. Tuberculous peritonitis in a German patient with primary biliary cirrhosis: a case report. J. Med. Case Reports 2: 32 (2008). *

• Wallace JD, Abbott-Johnson WJ, Crawford DH, Barnard R, Potter JM, Cuneo RC. GH treatment in adults with chronic liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 2751-2759 (2002). *

• Wang Q, Lu CM, Guo T, Qian JM. Eosinophilia associated with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 38: 149-153 (2009).

• Wang ZG, Zhang FJ, Li QX, Meng QY. Management of Budd-Chiari syndrome: what is the best approach? J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19: S212-S218 (2004). *

• Watanabe N, Sugimoto N, Matsushita A, Maeda A, Nagai K, Hanioka K, Takahashi T. Association of intestinal malignant lymphoma and ulcerative colitis. Intern. Med. 42: 1183-1187 (2003). *

• Webb TJ, Giuntoli RL 2nd, Rogers O, Schneck J, Oelke M. Ascites specific inhibition of CD1d-mediated activation of natural killer T cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 14: 7652-7658 (2008). *

• Wiesner RH, Porayko MK, Hay JE, LaRusso NF, Steers JL, Krom RA, Dickson ER. Liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis: impact of risk factors on outcome. Liver Transpl. Surg. 2: 99-108 (1996).

• Wilkinson SP, Smith IK, Williams R. Changes in plasma renin activity in cirrhosis: a reappraisal based on studies in 67 patients and "low-renin" cirrhosis. Hypertension 1: 125-129 (1979).

• Wing F, Raina N, Richardson R. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system is ineffective in the management of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients with ascites who have failed vasoconstrictor therapy. Gut Aug 25 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

• Witteman BJ, Weterman IT, Griffioen G, Lamers CB. Intestinal obstruction caused by non-absorbable tablets and Budd-Chiari syndrome in a patient with Crohn's disease. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 135: 766-769 (1991).

• Wojcikiewicz TG, Gupta S. Primary biliary cirrhosis presenting with ascites and a hepatic hydrothorax: a case report. J. Med. Case Reports 3: 7371 (2009). *

• Wong F. The use of TIPS in chronic liver disease. Ann. Hepatol. 5: 5-15 (2006). *

• Wong F. Portopulmonary hypertension in cirrhosis: the pathogenetic challenge. Gut 54: 309 (2005). *

• Wong F, Bernardi M, Balk R, Christman B, Moreau R, Garcia-Tsao G, Patch D, Soriano G, Hoefs J, Navasa M; International Ascites Club. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut 54: 718-725 (2005). *

• Wong F, Liu P, Blendis L. Sodium homeostasis with chronic sodium loading in preascitic cirrhosis. Gut 49: 847-851 (2001). *

• Wright AS, Rikkers LF. Current management of portal hypertension. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 9: 992-1005 (2005).

• Xu P, Zhou XJ, Chen LQ, Chen J, Xie Y, Lv LH, Hou XH. Pioglitazone attenuates the severity of sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 13: 1983-1988 (2007). *

• Yagi S, Iida T, Taniguchi K, Hori T, Hamada T, Fujii K, Mizuno S, Uemoto S. Impact of portal venous pressure on regeneration and graft damage after living-donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 11: 68-75 (2005). *

• Yamasaki S, Origuchi T, Nakata K, Toriyama K, Taguchi T, Ida H, Kawakami A, Eguchi K. Autoimmune hepatitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. Mod. Rheumatol. 14: 169-173 (2004).

• Yao D, Xie W, Wang L. Clinical analysis of 22 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 10: 344-345 (2002).

• Yata Y, Xue F, Takahara T, Kudo H, Hirano K, Yasumura S, Minemura M, Scanga AE, Sugiyama T. Docetaxel inhibits progression of human hepatoma cell line in vitro and is effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol. Res. Jan 11 [Epub ahead of print] (2010). *

• Yawn BP, Wollan P, Gazzuola L, Kim WR. Diagnosis and 10-year follow-up of a community-based hepatitis C cohort. J. Fam. Pract. 51: 135-140 (2002). *

• Yokokawa J, Saito H, Kanno Y, Honma F, Monoe K, Sakamoto N, Abe K, Takahashi A, Yokokawa H, Ohira H. Overlap of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis: characteristics, therapy, and long term outcomes. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Oct 9 [Epub ahead of print] (2009). *

• Yokoyama Y, Xin B, Shigeto T, Umemoto M, Kasai-Sakamoto A, Futagami M, Tsuchida S, Al-Mulla F, Mizunuma H. Clofibric acid, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligand, inhibits growth of human ovarian cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6: 1379-1386 (2007). *

• Yoneyama K, Miyagishi K, Kiuchi Y, Shibata M, Mitamura K. Risk factors for infections in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. 37: 1028-1034 (2002). *

• Yoo HY, Edwin D, Thuluvath PJ. Relationship of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scale to hepatic encephalopathy, as defined by electroencephalography and neuropsychometric testing, and ascites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98: 1395-1399 (2003). *

• Yoo HY, Thuluvath PJ. Short-term postliver transplant survival after the introduction of MELD scores for organ allocation in the United States. Liver Int. 25: 536-541 (2005). *

• Yu JW, Wang GQ, Zhao YH, Sun LJ, Wang SQ, Li SC. The MELD scoring system for predicting prognosis in patients with severe hepatitis after plasma exchange treatment. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. 6: 492-496 (2007).

• Zaman A, Hapke R, Flora K, Rosen HR, Benner K. Factors predicting the presence of esophageal or gastric varices in patients with advanced liver disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94: 3292-3296 (1999). *

• Zamani F, Amiri A, Shakeri R, Zare A, Mohamadnejad M. Celiac disease as a potential cause of idiopathic portal hypertension: a case report. J. Med. Case Reports 3: 68 (2009). *

• Zapata-Colindres J, Montano-Loza A, Zepeda-Gomez S, Uscanga L. Predictive factors for portal hypertension in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 29: 7-10 (2006).

• Zelawski W, Witalinska-Labuzek J, Stadnicki A. A role of kallikrein-kinin system in gut diseases. Wiad. Lek. 58: 331-334 (2005).

• Zeuzem S. Gut-liver axis. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 15: 59-82 (2000). *

• Zhang XP, Chen L, Hu QF, Tian H, Xu RJ, Wang ZW, Wang KY, Cheng QH, Yan W, Li Y, Li QY, He Q, Wang F. Effects of large dose of dexamethasone on inflammatory mediators and pancreatic cell apoptosis of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 13: 5506-5511 (2007). *

• Zhang XP, Ye Q, Jiang XG, Ma ML, Zhu FB, Zhang RP, Cheng QH. Preparation method of an ideal model of multiple organ injury of rat with severe acute pancreatitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 13: 4566-4573 (2007). *

Number of references = 565

www psc-literature.org