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Scientific Literature, alopecia
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Abramovits W, Losornio M 2006 Failure of two TNF-alpha blockers to influence the course of alopecia areata.
Skinmed. 5: 177-181.
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Ahmed AM, Barahmani N, Duvic M; National Alopecia Areata Registry 2008 Familial alopecia areata and chronic thrombocytopenia.
J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 58: S75-S77.
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Ahmed I, Nasreen S, Bhatti R 2007 Alopecia areata in children.
J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 17: 587-590.
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Aita VM, Christiano AM, Gilliam TC 1999 Mapping complex traits in diseases of the hair and skin.
Exp. Dermatol. 8: 439-452.
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Ajith C, Gupta S, Bhansali A, Radotra BD, Kanwar AJ, Kumar B 2005 Alopecia areata associated with idiopathic primary hypophysitis.
Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 30: 250-252.
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Ajith C, Gupta S, Kanwar AJ 2006 Efficacy and safety of the topical sensitizer squaric acid dibutyl ester in alopecia areata and factors influencing the outcome.
J. Drugs Dermatol. 5: 262-266.
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Akar A, Orkunoglu E, Sengul A, Ozata M, Gur AR 2002 HLA class II alleles in patients with alopecia areata.
Eur. J. Dermatol. 12: 236-239.
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Akar A, Orkunoglu FE, Ozata M, Sengul A, Gur AR 2004 Lack of association between vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and alopecia areata.
Eur. J. Dermatol. 14: 156-158.
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Akar A, Orkunoglu FE, Tunca M, Tastan HB, Kurumlu Z 2007 Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with alopecia areata.
Int. J. Dermatol. 46: 927-929.
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Alarcon-Corredor OM, Alfonso R 2007 Clinical and biochemical alterations in rats treated with high doses of vitamin A.
Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 57: 224-230.
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Alexis AF, Dudda-Subramanya R, Sinha AA 2004 Alopecia areata: autoimmune basis of hair loss.
Eur. J. Dermatol. 14: 364-370.
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Alexis AF, Dudda-Subramanya R, Siu K, Sinha AA 2007 Alopecia areata: genetic complexity underlies clinical heterogeneity.
Eur. J. Dermatol. 17: 367-374.
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Aliagaoglu C, Pirim I, Atasoy M, Egerci N, Aktas A 2005 Association between alopecia areata and HLA class I and II in Turkey.
J. Dermatol. 32: 711-714.
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Alnounou M, Munoz SJ 2006 Nutrition Issues In Gastroenterology, Series #37. Nutrition concerns of the patient with primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. [http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/digestive-health/nutritionarticles/April2006.pdf]
Practical Gastroenterology April 2006: 92-100. *
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Amerio P, Tracanna M, De Remigis P, Betterle C, Vianale L, Marra ME, Di Rollo D, Capizzi R, Feliciani C, Tulli A 2006 Vitiligo associated with other autoimmune diseases: polyglandular autoimmune syndrome types 3B+C and 4.
Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 31: 746-749.
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Arck P, Paus R 2006 From the brain-skin connection: the neuroendocrine-immune misalliance of stress and itch.
Neuroimmunomodulation 13: 347-356.
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Asherson RA, Giampaolo D, Strimling M 2008 A case of adult-onset Satoyoshi syndrome with gastric ulceration and eosinophilic enteritis.
Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol. Jul 8 [Epub ahead of print].
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Ayala-Garcia I, Hernandez-Segura AM, Castell-Rodriguez A, Alvarez Perez SJ, Tellez BH, Ramirez-Gonzalez MD 2005 Participation of epidermal Langerhans cells in human pathology and their potential as targets for drug development: a review of literature.
Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 48: 13-20.
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Baala L, Hadj-Rabia S, Hamel-Teillac D, Hadchouel M, Prost C, Leal SM, Jacquemin E, Sefiani A, De Prost Y, Courtois G, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Vabres P 2002 Homozygosity mapping of a locus for a novel syndromic ichthyosis to chromosome 3q27-q28.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 119: 70-76.
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Barahamani N, de Andrade M, Slusser J, Zhang Q, Duvic M 2002 Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 and familial alopecia areata.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 118: 335-337.
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Barahmani N, de Andrade M, Slusser JP, Zhang Q, Duvic M 2006 Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene a polymorphisms and extended haplotypes are associated with familial alopecia areata.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 126: 74-78.
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Beardi B, Wanert F, Zoller M, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Bodemer W, Kaup FJ 2007 Alopecia areata in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
J. Med. Primatol. 36: 124-130.
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Betz RC, Konig K, Flaquer A, Redler S, Eigelshoven S, Kortum AK, Hanneken S, Hillmer A, Tuting T, Lambert J, De Weert J, Kruse R, Lutz G, Blaumeiser B, Nothen MM 2008 The R620W polymorphism in PTPN22 confers general susceptibility for the development of alopecia areata.
Br. J. Dermatol. 158: 389-391.
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Betz RC, Pforr J, Flaquer A, Redler S, Hanneken S, Eigelshoven S, Kortum AK, Tuting T, Lambert J, De Weert J, Hillmer AM, Schmael C, Wienker TF, Kruse R, Lutz G, Blaumeiser B, Nothen MM 2007 Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene and alopecia areata: strong risk factor for a severe course of disease in patients comorbid for atopic disease.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 127: 2539-2543.
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Bikle DD, Elalieh H, Chang S, Xie Z, Sundberg JP 2006 Development and progression of alopecia in the vitamin D receptor null mouse.
J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 340-353.
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Blaumeiser B, van der Goot I, Fimmers R, Hanneken S, Ritzmann S, Seymons K, Betz RC, Ruzicka T, Wienker TF, De Weert J, Lambert J, Kruse R, Nothen MM 2006 Familial aggregation of alopecia areata.
J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 54: 627-632.
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Bonaz B, Boitard J, Marteau P, Lemann M, Coffin B, Flourie B, Belaiche J, Cadiot G, Metman EH, Cortot A, Colombel JF; Getaid 2003 Tioguanine in patients with Crohn's disease intolerant or resistant to azathioprine/mercaptopurine.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 18: 401-408.
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Botta S, Roveto S, Rimoldi D 2007 Seric 21-hydroxilase antibodies in patients with anti-microsomal fraction antibodies. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome.
Medicina (B. Aires) 67: 143-146.
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Bouillon R, Verstuyf A, Mathieu C, Van Cromphaut S, Masuyama R, Dehaes P, Carmeliet G 2006 Vitamin D resistance.
Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 20: 627-645.
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Brandimarte G, Tursi A, Giorgetti GM 2002 Changing trends in clinical form of celiac disease. Which is now the main form of celiac disease in clinical practice?
Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol. 48: 121-130.
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Brickman CM, Tsokos GC, Balow JE, Lawley TJ, Santaella M, Hammer CH, Frank MM 1986 Immunoregulatory disorders associated with hereditary angioedema. I. Clinical manifestations of autoimmune disease.
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 77: 749-757.
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Broniarczyk-Dyla G, Prusinska-Bratos M, Dubla-Berner M, Arkuszewska C, Borowiec M, Kowalski ML, Woszczek G 2002 The protective role of the HLA-DR locus in patients with various clinical types of alopecia areata.
Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 50: 333-336.
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Brown AP, Dunstan RW, Courtney CL, Criswell KA, Graziano MJ 2008 Cutaneous lesions in the rat following administration of an irreversible inhibitor of erbB receptors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor.
Toxicol. Pathol. 36: 410-419.
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Bruckner AL 2004 Incontinentia pigmenti: a window to the role of NF-kappaB function.
Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. 23: 116-124.
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Carlton VE, Pawlikowska L, Bull LN 2004 Molecular basis of intrahepatic cholestasis.
Ann. Med. 36: 606-617.
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Chapman RW 2003 The management of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 5: 9-17.
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Chen HY, Guo JL, Li ZG 2008 Significance of anti-cell membrane-associated DNA (mDNA) antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Clin. Rheumatol. 27: 183-187.
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Chow S, Rizzo C, Ravitskiy L, Sinha AA 2005 The role of T cells in cutaneous autoimmune disease.
Autoimmunity 38: 303-317.
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Clarke JT, Price H, Clarke S, George R, Miller JJ 2007 Acquired kinking of the hair caused by acitretin.
J. Drugs Dermatol. 6: 937-938.
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Collin P, Reunala T 2003 Recognition and management of the cutaneous manifestations of celiac disease: a guide for dermatologists.
Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 4: 13-20.
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Collins SM, Dominguez M, Ilmarinen T, Costigan C, Irvine AD 2006 Dermatological manifestations of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome.
Br. J. Dermatol. 154: 1088-1093.
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Colombe BW, Lou CD, Price VH 1999 The genetic basis of alopecia areata: HLA associations with patchy alopecia areata versus alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis.
J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4: 216-219.
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Colombe BW, Price VH, Khoury EL, Garovoy MR, Lou CD 1995 HLA class II antigen associations help to define two types of alopecia areata.
J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33: 757-764.
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Colquitt JL, Kirby J, Green C, Cooper K, Trompeter RS 2007 The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for children with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review.
Health Technol. Assess. 11: 1-112.
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Cork MJ, Crane AM, Duff GW 1996 Genetic control of cytokines. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in alopecia areata.
Dermatol. Clin. 14: 671-678.
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Courtois G, Israel A 2000 NF-kappa B defects in humans: the NEMO/incontinentia pigmenti connection.
Sci. STKE 58: PE1.
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Dao H Jr, Kazin RA 2007 Gender differences in skin: a review of the literature.
Gend. Med. 4: 308-328.
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de Andrade M, Jackow CM, Dahm N, Hordinsky M, Reveille JD, Duvic M 1999 Alopecia areata in families: association with the HLA locus.
J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4: 220-223.
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De Weert J, Temmerman L, Kint A 1984 Alopecia areata: a clinical study.
Dermatologica 168: 224-229.
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Demay MB 2006 Mechanism of vitamin D receptor action.
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1068: 204-213.
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Demay MB, Macdonald PN, Skorija K, Dowd DR, Cianferrotti L, Cox M 2007 Role of the vitamin D receptor in hair follicle biology.
J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 103: 344-346.
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Deplewski D, Rosenfield RL 2000 Role of hormones in pilosebaceous unit development.
Endocr. Rev. 21: 363-392.
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Dhabhai R, Kalla G, Singhi MK, Ghiya BC, Kachhawa D 2005 Dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 71: 9-13.
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Dittmar M, Kahaly GJ 2003 Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: immunogenetics and long-term follow-up.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 2983-2992.
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Dombrowski NC, Bergfeld WF 2005 Alopecia areata: what to expect from current treatments.
Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 72: 758, 760-761, 765-766.
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Du X, Tabeta K, Mann N, Crozat K, Mudd S, Beutler B 2005 An essential role for Rxr alpha in the development of Th2 responses.
Eur. J. Immunol. 35: 3414-3423.
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Dubinsky MC, Fleshner PP 2003 Treatment of Crohn's disease of inflammatory, stenotic, and fistulizing phenotypes.
Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 183-200.
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Dugoujon JM, Cambon-Thomsen A 1995 Immunoglobulin allotypes (GM and KM) and their interactions with HLA antigens in autoimmune diseases: a review.
Autoimmunity 22: 245-260.
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Dunajska K, Szymczak J 2004 Autoimmune multiglandular syndrome type I--a case study.
Pol. Merkuriusz Lek. 17: 625-628.
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Duvic M, Hordinsky MK, Fiedler VC, O'Brien WR, Young R, Reveille JD 1991 HLA-D locus associations in alopecia areata. DRw52a may confer disease resistance.
Arch. Dermatol. 127: 64-68.
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Duvic M, Norris D, Christiano A, Hordinsky M, Price V 2003 Alopecia areata registry: an overview.
J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 8: 219-221.
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Ellis JA, Scurrah KJ, Cobb JE, Zaloumis SG, Duncan AE, Harrap SB 2007 Baldness and the androgen receptor: the AR polyglycine repeat polymorphism does not confer susceptibility to androgenetic alopecia.
Hum. Genet. 121: 451-457.
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Ellis JA, Stebbing M, Harrap SB 2001 Polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene is associated with male pattern baldness.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 116: 452-455.
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Ellison TI, Eckert RL, Macdonald PN 2007 Evidence for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-independent transactivation by the vitamin D receptor: uncoupling the receptor and ligand in keratinocytes.
J. Biol. Chem. 282: 10953-10962.
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Ellison TI, Smith MK, Gilliam AC, Macdonald PN 2008 Inactivation of the vitamin D receptor enhances susceptibility of murine skin to UV-induced tumorigenesis.
J. Invest. Dermatol. May 29 [Epub ahead of print].
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Engelhard A, Bauer RC, Casta A, Djabali K, Christiano AM 2008 Ligand-independent regulation of the hairless promoter by vitamin D receptor.
Photochem. Photobiol. 84: 515-521.
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Evans GW 1986 Zinc and its deficiency diseases.
Clin. Physiol. Biochem. 4: 94-98.
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Federman DG, Kravetz JD, Ruser CB, Judson PH, Kirsner RS 2004 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and ulcerative colitis.
South. Med. J. 97: 169-171.
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Feldmeyer L, Huber M, Fellmann F, Beckmann JS, Frenk E, Hohl D 2006 Confirmation of the origin of NISCH syndrome.
Hum. Mutat. 27: 408-410.
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Fernandez-Faith E, McDonnell J 2007 Cutaneous sarcoidosis: differential diagnosis.
Clin. Dermatol. 25: 276-287.
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Fich A, Eliakim R 1988 Does sulfasalazine induce alopecia?
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 10: 466.
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Finetti F, Pellegrini M, Ulivieri C, Savino MT, Paccagnini E, Ginanneschi C, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci PG, Baldari CT 2008 The proapoptotic and antimitogenic protein p66SHC acts as a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity.
Blood 111: 5017-5027.
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Florizoone K, van der Luer R, van den Ingh T 2007 Symmetrical alopecia, scaling and hepatitis in a rabbit.
Vet. Dermatol. 18: 161-164.
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Freyschmidt-Paul P, Happle R, Hoffman R 2004 Alopecia areata in animal models--new insights into pathogenesis and treatment of a T cell-mediated autoimmune disorder.
J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 2: 260-273.
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Freyschmidt-Paul P, McElwee KJ, Hoffmann R, Sundberg JP, Vitacolonna M, Kissling S, Zoller M 2006 Interferon-gamma-deficient mice are resistant to the development of alopecia areata.
Br. J. Dermatol. 155: 515-521.
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Fusco F, Bardaro T, Fimiani G, Mercadante V, Miano MG, Falco G, Israel A, Courtois G, D'Urso M, Ursini MV 2004 Molecular analysis of the genetic defect in a large cohort of IP patients and identification of novel NEMO mutations interfering with NF-kappaB activation.
Hum. Mol. Genet. 13: 1763-1773.
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Galbraith GM, Pandey JP 1995 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene polymorphism in alopecia areata.
Hum. Genet. 96: 433-436.
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Geier DA, Geier MR 2005 A case-control study of serious autoimmune adverse events following hepatitis B immunization.
Autoimmunity 38: 295-301.
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Ghyselinck NB, Chapellier B, Calleja C, Kumar Indra A, Li M, Messaddeq N, Mark M, Metzger D, Chambon P 2002 Genetic dissection of retinoic acid function in epidermis physiology.
Ann. Dermatol. Venereol. 129: 793-799.
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Gilhar A, Kalish RS 2006 Alopecia areata: a tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle.
Autoimmun. Rev. 5: 64-69.
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Gilhar A, Paus R, Kalish RS 2007 Lymphocytes, neuropeptides, and genes involved in alopecia areata.
J. Clin. Invest. 117: 2019-2027.
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Gilhar A, Shalaginov R, Assy B, Serafimovich S, Kalish RS 1999 Alopecia areata is a T-lymphocyte mediated autoimmune disease: lesional human T-lymphocytes transfer alopecia areata to human skin grafts on SCID mice.
J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4: 207-210.
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Goh C, Finkel M, Christos P, Sinha A 2006 Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history.
J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 20: 1055-1060.
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Goldberg LJ, Sekhri V, Bhawan J 2008 Dermal mucin in alopecia areata - tell tale sign or incidental finding?
J. Cutan. Pathol. Jan 14 [Epub ahead of print].
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Gopal KV, Rama Rao GR, Kumar YH, Appa Rao MV, Vasudev P; Srikant 2007 Vitiligo: a part of a systemic autoimmune process.
Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 73: 162-165.
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Grogan PM, Katz JS 2004 Inflammatory myopathies.
Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 6: 155-161.
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Gul U, Gonul M, Cakmak SK, Kilic A, Demiriz M 2006 A case of generalized discoid lupus erythematosus: successful treatment with imiquimod cream 5%.
Adv. Ther. 23: 787-792.
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Gupta P, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Vitacolonna M, Kiessling S, Hummel S, Hildebrand D, Marhaba R, Zoller M 2006 A chronic contact eczema impedes migration of antigen-presenting cells in alopecia areata.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 126: 1559-1573.
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Gustafsson J, Alimohammadi M, Ekwall O, Gebre-Medhin G, Halldin-Stenlid M, Hedstrand H, Landgren E, Nilsson T, Rorsman F, Skoldberg F, Winqvist O, Kampe O 2004 APS I--a severe autoimmune disease with endocrine and non-endocrine symptoms.
Lakartidningen 101: 2096-2098, 2101-2103.
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Ha SJ, Kim JS, Myung JW, Lee HJ, Kim JW 2003 Analysis of genetic polymorphisms of steroid 5alpha-reductase type 1 and 2 genes in Korean men with androgenetic alopecia.
J. Dermatol. Sci. 31: 135-141.
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Halonen M, Eskelin P, Myhre AG, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Kampe O, Rorsman F, Peltonen L, Ulmanen I, Partanen J 2002 AIRE mutations and human leukocyte antigen genotypes as determinants of the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 2568-2574.
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Haussmann J, Sekar A 2006 Chronic urticaria: a cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease.
Can. J. Gastroenterol. 20: 291-293.
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Hayes VM, Severi G, Eggleton SA, Padilla EJ, Southey MC, Sutherland RL, Hopper JL, Giles GG 2005 The E211 G>A androgen receptor polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of metastatic prostate cancer and androgenetic alopecia.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 14: 993-996.
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Hayes VM, Severi G, Padilla EJ, Morris HA, Tilley WD, Southey MC, English DR, Sutherland RL, Hopper JL, Boyle P, Giles GG 2007 5alpha-Reductase type 2 gene variant associations with prostate cancer risk, circulating hormone levels and androgenetic alopecia.
Int. J. Cancer 120: 776-780.
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Hengge UR, Ruzicka T 2004 Topical immunomodulation in dermatology: potential of Toll-like receptor agonists.
Dermatol. Surg. 30: 1101-1112.
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Herbst V, Zoller M, Kissling S, Wenzel E, Stutz N, Freyschmidt-Paul P 2006 Diphenylcyclopropenone treatment of alopecia areata induces apoptosis of perifollicular lymphocytes.
Eur. J. Dermatol. 16: 537-542.
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Herrlinger KR, Deibert P, Schwab M, Kreisel W, Fischer C, Fellermann K, Stange EF 2003 Remission maintenance by tioguanine in chronic active Crohn's disease.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17: 1459-1464.
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Hillmer AM, Hanneken S, Ritzmann S, Becker T, Freudenberg J, Brockschmidt FF, Flaquer A, Freudenberg-Hua Y, Jamra RA, Metzen C, Heyn U, Schweiger N, Betz RC, Blaumeiser B, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Schulze TG, Hennies HC, Schumacher J, Propping P, et al 2005 Genetic variation in the human androgen receptor gene is the major determinant of common early-onset androgenetic alopecia.
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77: 140-148.
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Hiroi A, Ito T, Seo N, Uede K, Yoshimasu T, Ito M, Nakamura K, Ito N, Paus R, Furukawa F 2006 Male New Zealand Black/KN mice: a novel model for autoimmune-induced permanent alopecia?
Br. J. Dermatol. 155: 437-445.
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Hon KL, Leung AK, Ng PC 2008 Unusual loss of body hair in childhood: trichotillomania or alopecia.
Adv. Ther. 25: 380-387.
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Hong SB, Jin SY, Park HJ, Jung JH, Sim WY 2006 Analysis of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 -2518 promoter polymorphism in Korean patients with alopecia areata.
J. Korean Med. Sci. 21: 90-94.
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Hordinsky M, Ericson M 2004 Autoimmunity: alopecia areata.
J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 9: 73-78.
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Horie Y, Kitaichi N, Takemoto Y, Namba K, Yoshida K, Hirose S, Hasumi Y, Ota M, Inoko H, Mizuki N, Ohno S 2007 Polymorphism of IFN-gamma gene and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
Mol. Vis. 13: 2334-2338.
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Hu Z, Liu JB, Ma SS, Yang S, Zhang XJ 2006 Profile of childhood vitiligo in China: an analysis of 541 patients.
Pediatr. Dermatol. 23: 114-116.
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Ishii T, Suzuki Y, Ando N, Matsuo N, Ogata T 2000 Novel mutations of the autoimmune regulator gene in two siblings with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85: 2922-2926.
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Ito T, Ito N, Saatoff M, Hashizume H, Fukamizu H, Nickoloff BJ, Takigawa M, Paus R 2008 Maintenance of hair follicle immune privilege is linked to prevention of NK cell attack.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 128: 1196-1206.
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Ito T, Meyer KC, Ito N, Paus R 2008 Immune privilege and the skin.
Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. 10: 27-52.
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Jaber SH, Cowen EW, Haworth LR, Booher SL, Berman DM, Rosenberg SA, Hwang ST 2006 Skin reactions in a subset of patients with stage IV melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 monoclonal antibody as a single agent.
Arch. Dermatol. 142: 166-172.
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Jackow C, Puffer N, Hordinsky M, Nelson J, Tarrand J, Duvic M 1998 Alopecia areata and cytomegalovirus infection in twins: genes versus environment?
J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 38: 418-425.
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Kaelin U, Hassan AS, Braathen LR, Yawalkar N 2006 Treatment of alopecia areata partim universalis with efalizumab.
J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 55: 529-532.
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Kakourou T, Karachristou K, Chrousos G 2007 A case series of alopecia areata in children: impact of personal and family history of stress and autoimmunity.
J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 21: 356-359.
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Kalish RS 2007 Clues from alopecia areata on the role of neuropeptides in the initiation of autoimmunity.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 127: 1289-1291.
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Kalish RS, Gilhar A 2003 Alopecia areata: autoimmunity--the evidence is compelling.
J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 8: 164-167.
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Kasparian A, Floros A, Gialafos E, Kanakis M, Tassiopoulos S, Kafasi N, Vaiopoulos G 2007 Raynaud's phenomenon is correlated with elevated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lupus 16: 505-508.
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Katavetin P, Katavetin P, Wacharasindhu S, Shotelersuk V 2006 A girl with a novel splice site mutation in VDR supports the role of a ligand-independent VDR function on hair cycling.
Horm. Res. 66: 273-276.
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Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Zavos C 2007 Alopecia areata, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and ulcerative colitis: autoimmunity and apoptosis as common links?
Dig. Dis. Sci. 52: 1288-1292.
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Kavak A, Baykal C, Ozarmagan G, Akar U 2000 HLA in alopecia areata.
Int. J. Dermatol. 39: 589-592.
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Kemp EH, McDonagh AJ, Wengraf DA, Messenger AG, Gawkrodger DJ, Cork MJ, Tazi-Ahnini R 2006 The non-synonymous C1858T substitution in the PTPN22 gene is associated with susceptibility to the severe forms of alopecia areata.
Hum. Immunol. 67: 535-539.
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Khan N, Maheshwari V, Trivedi I, Kalam A 2001 Immunopathology of skin lesions.
Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 67: 234-237.
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King LE Jr, McElwee KJ, Sundberg JP 2008 Alopecia areata.
Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. 10: 280-312.
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Koca R, Armutcu F, Altinyazar C, Gurel A 2005 Evaluation of lipid peroxidation, oxidant/antioxidant status, and serum nitric oxide levels in alopecia areata.
Med. Sci. Monit. 11: CR296-CR299.
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Kuwano Y, Fujimoto M, Watanabe R, Asashima N, Nakashima H, Ohno H, Yano S, Yazawa N, Okochi H, Tamaki K 2007 Serum anti-Fcgamma receptor autoantibodies in patients with alopecia areata.
Arch. Dermatol. Res. 298: 493-498.
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Number of references = 253
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David and Judy Rhodes
Last Update: 8/12/2008
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