Crohn and azathioprine, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Literature

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Literature

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Scientific Literature, Crohn and azathioprine

Abdelli MN, Ben Abdallah H, Houissa F, Bouali MR, Khediri MF 2007 Azathioprine for prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Tunis. Med. 85: 569-572.
Aberra FN, Lichtenstein GR 2005 Review article: monitoring of immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21: 307-319. *
Actis GC, Pellicano R, Bugianesi E, Lagget M, Rizzetto M 2008 Use of corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and Infliximab at a third-level day-hospital service of gastro-hepatology. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol. 54: 239-242.
Agnholt J 2008 Biological therapy as treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Ugeskr. Laeger. 170: 2152-2156.
Agrawal A, Durrani S, Leiper K, Ellis A, Morris AI, Rhodes JM 2005 Effect of systemic corticosteroid therapy on risk for intra-abdominal or pelvic abscess in non-operated Crohn's disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3: 1215-1220.
Ahn HS, Lee SK, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Joo KR, Dong SH, Kim BH, Lee JI, Chang YW, Chang R 2006 Risk of postoperative infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Korean J. Gastroenterol. 48: 306-312.
Akman SA, Arikan C, Sozen G, Ozturk C, Yagci RV 2006 Infliximab treatment of pediatric refractory Crohn's disease: a case report. Turk. J. Gastroenterol. 17: 133-136. *
Akobeng A, Thomas A 2007 Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3: CD005984. *
Akobeng AK 2008 Review article: the evidence base for interventions used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 27: 11-18. *
Akobeng AK 2008 Crohn's disease: current treatment options. Arch. Dis. Child. 93: 787-792.
Al-Za'abi AM, Ghazarian D, Greenberg GR, Shaw JC 2005 Eruptive tufted angiomas in a patient with Crohn's disease. J. Clin. Pathol. 58: 214-216. *
Alfadhli A, McDonald J, Feagan B 2005 Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 1: CD003459. *
Alfadhli AA, McDonald JW, Feagan BG 2003 Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 1: CD003459. *
Allorge D, Hamdan R, Broly F, Libersa C, Colombel JF 2005 ITPA genotyping test does not improve detection of Crohn's disease patients at risk of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine induced myelosuppression. Gut 54: 565. *
Alves A, Panis Y, Joly F, Pocard M, Lavergne-Slove A, Bouhnik Y, Valleur P 2004 Could immunosuppressive drugs reduce recurrence rate after second resection for Crohn disease? Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10: 491-495. *
Ananthakrishnan AN, Attila T, Otterson MF, Lipchik RJ, Massey BT, Komorowski RA, Binion DG 2007 Severe pulmonary toxicity after azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine initiation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 41: 682-688.
Andoh A, Tsujikawa T, Ban H, Hashimoto T, Bamba S, Ogawa A, Sasaki M, Saito Y, Fujiyama Y 2008 Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Jul 23 [Epub ahead of print].
Annese V, Latiano A, Rossi L, Lombardi G, Dallapiccola B, Serafini S, Damonte G, Andriulli A, Magnani M 2005 Erythrocytes-mediated delivery of dexamethasone in steroid-dependent IBD patients - a pilot uncontrolled study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100: 1370-1375. *
Ansari A, Aslam Z, DE Sica A, Smith M, Gilshenan K, Fairbanks L, Marinaki A, Sanderson J, Duley J 2008 The influence of xanthine oxidase on thiopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 28: 749-757. *
Ansari A, Elliott T, Baburajan B, Mayhead P, O'Donohue J, Chocair P, Sanderson J, Duley J 2008 Long term outcome of using allopurinol co-therapy as a strategy for overcoming thiopurine hepatotoxicity in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. Jun 26 [Epub ahead of print]. *
Aranda R, Horgan K 1998 Immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. 9: 2-9.
Ardizzone S, Bollani S, Manzionna G, Imbesi V, Colombo E, Bianchi Porro G 2003 Comparison between methotrexate and azathioprine in the treatment of chronic active Crohn's disease: a randomised, investigator-blind study. Dig. Liver Dis. 35: 619-627.
Ardizzone S, Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Russo A, Radice E, Colombo E, Imbesi V, Molteni M, Danelli PG, Taschieri AM, Bianchi Porro G 2004 Azathioprine and mesalamine for prevention of relapse after conservative surgery for Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 127: 730-740. *
Ardizzone S, Porro GB 2005 Should azathioprine be withdrawn in patients with Crohn's disease who are in long-term remission? Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2: 348-349. *
Arnott ID, Watts D, Satsangi J 2003 Azathioprine and anti-TNF alpha therapies in Crohn's disease: a review of pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety. Pharmacol. Res. 47: 1-10. *
Aronoff JS, Korelitz BI, Sohn N, Ky A, Rajapakse R, Weinstein MA, Cohen FS 2000 Anorectal Crohn's disease: surgical and medical management. BioDrugs 13: 95-105.
Asma SD, Soumaya Y, Kahena J, Raouf DM, Nejib D 2006 Perianal Crohn disease. Dermatol. Online J. 12: 18.
Atreya R, Atreya I, Neurath MF 2006 Novel signal transduction pathways: analysis of STAT-3 and Rac-1 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1072: 98-113. *
Auer IO, Buschmann C, Ziemer E 1978 Immune status in Crohn's disease. 2. Originally unimpaired primary cell mediated immunity in vitro. Gut 19: 618-626. *
Babu TG, Boctor D, Davey A, Bond MC, Jacobson K 2004 Cytomegalovirus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a child with Crohn disease receiving azathioprine. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 39: 418-421. *
Baert F, Vermeire S, Noman M, Van Assche G, D'Haens G, Rutgeerts P 2004 Management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Acta Clin. Belg. 59: 304-314.
Baert FJ, Rutgeerts PJ 2000 Medical therapies for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 2: 446-450.
Bajaj JS, Saeian K, Varma RR, Franco J, Knox J F, Podoll J, Emmons J, Levy M, Binion DG 2005 Increased rates of early adverse reaction to azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease compared to autoimmune hepatitis: a tertiary referral center experience. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100: 1121-1125. *
Barnes BH, Borowitz SM, Saulsbury FT, Hellems M, Sutphen JL 2004 Discordant erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in children with inflammatory bowel disease taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 38: 509-512. *
Barta Z, Toth L, Zeher M 2006 Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 12: 1278-1280. *
Bastida Pa G, Nos Mate P, Aguas Peri M, Beltran Niclas B, Rodriguez Sole M, Ponce Garcia J 2007 Optimization of immunomodulatory treatment with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 30: 511-516.
Baughman RP, Iannuzzi M 2003 Tumour necrosis factor in sarcoidosis and its potential for targeted therapy. BioDrugs 17: 425-431.
Baumgart DC, Pintoffl JP, Sturm A, Wiedenmann B, Dignass AU 2006 Tacrolimus is safe and effective in patients with severe steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent inflammatory bowel disease - a long-term follow-up. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101: 1048-1056. *
Bebb JR, Scott BB 2004 How effective are the usual treatments for Crohn's disease? Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 20: 151-159. *
Befeler AS, Lissoos TW, Schiano TD, Conjeevaram H, Dasgupta KA, Millis JM, Newell KA, Thistlethwaite JR, Baker AL 1998 Clinical course and management of inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation. Transplantation 65: 393-396.
Belda A, Hinojosa J, Serra B, Garcia L, Merino C, Belda A, Moles JR 2004 Systemic candidiasis and infliximab therapy. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 27: 365-367.
Bermejo F, Lopez-Sanroman A, Taxonera C, Gisbert JP, Perez-Calle JL, Vera I, Menchen L, Martin-Arranz MD, Opio V, Carneros JA, Van-Domselaar M, Mendoza JL, Luna M, Lopez P, Calvo M, Algaba A 2008 Acute pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease, with special reference to azathioprine-induced pancreatitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 28: 623-628. *
Bernal I, Domenech E, Garcia-Planella E, Marin L, Manosa M, Navarro M, Cabre E, Gassull MA 2006 Medication-taking behavior in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 51: 2165-2169. *
Bernklev T, Jahnsen J, Schulz T, Sauar J, Lygren I, Henriksen M, Stray N, Kjellevold O, Aadland E, Vatn M, Moum B 2005 Course of disease, drug treatment and health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease 5 years after initial diagnosis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17: 1037-1045.
Bernstein CN 2002 Treatment of the extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 4: 513-516.
Bhaduri S, Jenkinson S, Lewis F 2005 Vulval Crohn's disease - a multi-specialty approach. Int. J. STD AIDS 16: 512-514.
Biancone L, Orlando A, Kohn A, Colombo E, Sostegni R, Angelucci E, Rizzello F, Castiglione F, Benezzato L, Papi C, Meucci G, Riegler G, Mocciaro F, Geremia A, Calabrese E, Cottone M, Pallone F 2006 Infliximab and newly diagnosed neoplasia in Crohn's disease: a multicentre matched-pair study. Gut 55: 228-233. *
Biancone L, Tosti C, Fina D, Fantini M, De Nigris F, Geremia A, Pallone F 2003 Review article: maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 Suppl. 2: 31-37.
Bitton A 2005 Preventing postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine: approaching the cutting edge. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 513-514. *
Bodger K 2005 Economic implications of biological therapies for Crohn's disease: review of infliximab. Pharmacoeconomics 23: 875-888.
Bogaard HJ, Erkelens GW, Faber WR, de Vries PJ 2004 Cutaneous nocardiosis as an opportunistic infection. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 148: 533-536.
Bonaz B, Boitard J, Marteau P, Lemann M, Coffin B, Flourie B, Belaiche J, Cadiot G, Metman EH, Cortot A, Colombel JF; Getaid 2003 Tioguanine in patients with Crohn's disease intolerant or resistant to azathioprine/mercaptopurine. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 18: 401-408. *
Borrelli O, Bascietto C, Viola F, Bueno de Mesquita M, Barbato M, Mancini V, Bosco S, Cucchiara S 2004 Infliximab heals intestinal inflammatory lesions and restores growth in children with Crohn's disease. Dig. Liver Dis. 36: 342-347.
Boulton-Jones JR, Pritchard K, Mahmoud AA 2000 The use of 6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after failure of azathioprine therapy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 1561-1565. *
Bousvaros A, Guandalini S, Baldassano RN, Botelho C, Evans J, Ferry GD, Goldin B, Hartigan L, Kugathasan S, Levy J, Murray KF, Oliva-Hemker M, Rosh JR, Tolia V, Zholudev A, Vanderhoof JA, Hibberd PL 2005 A randomized, double-blind trial of Lactobacillus GG versus placebo in addition to standard maintenance therapy for children with Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 833-839. *
Bovenschen HJ, Tjioe M, Vermaat H, Hoop D, Witteman BM, Janssens RW, Stoof TJ, Kerkhof PC 2006 Induction of eruptive benign melanocytic naevi by immune suppressive agents, including biologicals. Br. J. Dermatol. 154: 880-884. *
Bressler B, Sands BE 2006 Review article: medical therapy for fistulizing Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 1283-1293. *
Brogan PA, Malik M, Shah N, Kilday JP, Ramsay A, Shah V, Murch SH, Thomson MA, Walker-Smith JA, Lindley KJ, Milla PJ, Dillon MJ 2006 Systemic vasculitis: a cause of indeterminate intestinal inflammation. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 42: 405-415. *
Brookes MJ, Green JR 2004 Maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: current and emerging therapeutic options. Drugs 64: 1069-1089.
Brown SJ, Mayer L 2007 The immune response in inflammatory bowel disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102: 2058-2069. *
Brustolim D, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos R, Kast RE, Altschuler EL, Soares MB 2006 A new chapter opens in anti-inflammatory treatments: the antidepressant bupropion lowers production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6: 903-907.
Brynskov J, Feagan BG, Jewell D, McDonald JWD, Stange EF 2004 Cyclosporine for maintenance of remission in Crohn�s disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2: CD004377. *
Buller HA 1997 Problems in diagnosis of IBD in children. Neth. J. Med. 50: S8-S11.
Buning C, Lochs H 2006 Conventional therapy for Crohn's disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 12: 4794-4806. *
Cagnard B, Tosoni-Verlingue D, Tribut O, Moizard C, Bridoux-Henno L, Delaperriere N, Bentue-Ferrer D, Dabadie A 2007 Advantages of different dosages of active metabolites in the follow-up of azathioprine treatment for Crohn disease. Arch. Pediatr. 13 Suppl. 1: S67-S68.
Calvet X, Gallardo O, Coronas R, Casellas F, Montserrat A, Torrejon A, Vergara M, Campo R, Brullet E 2006 Remission on thiopurinic immunomodulators normalizes quality of life and psychological status in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12: 692-696. *
Cannioto Z, Berti I, Martelossi S, Bruno I, Giurici N, Crovella S, Ventura A 2008 IBD and IBD mimicking enterocolitis in children younger than 2 years of age. Eur. J. Pediatr. Jun 11 [Epub ahead of print].
Caprilli R, Angelucci E, Cocco A, Viscido A, Annese V, Ardizzone S, Biancone L, Castiglione F, Cottone M, Meucci G, Paoluzi P, Papi C, Sturniolo GC, Vecchi M 2005 Appropriateness of immunosuppressive drugs in inflammatory bowel diseases assessed by RAND method: Italian Group for IBD (IG-IBD) position statement. Dig. Liver Dis. 37: 407-417.
Cara Terribas CJ, Gonzalez Guijarro L 2002 Hypomethylation and multiple sclerosis, the susceptibility factor? Neurologia 17: 132-135.
Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SP 2004 Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 53 Suppl. 5: V1-V16. *
Casellas F, Rodrigo L, Nino P, Pantiga C, Riestra S, Malagelada JR 2007 Sustained improvement of health-related quality of life in Crohn's disease patients treated with infliximab and azathioprine for 4 years. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13: 1395-1400.
Chande N, Ponich T, Gregor J 2005 A survey of Canadian gastroenterologists about the use of methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease. Can. J. Gastroenterol. 19: 553-558.
Chapman RW, Arborgh BA, Rhodes JM, Summerfield JA, Dick R, Scheuer PJ, Sherlock S 1980 Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology. Gut 21: 870-877. *
Charpignon C, Beau P 2008 Methotrexate as single therapy in Crohn's disease: is its long-term efficacy limited? Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 32: 153-157.
Chauveau E, Terrier F, Casassus-Buihle D, Moncoucy X, Oddes B 2005 Macrophage activation syndrome after treatment with infliximab for fistulated Crohn's disease. Presse. Med. 34: 583-584.
Chebli JM, Gaburri PD, De Souza AF, Pinto AL, Chebli LA, Felga GE, Forn CG, Pimentel CF 2007 Long-term results with azathioprine therapy in patients with corticosteroid-dependent Crohn's disease: open-label prospective study. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22: 268-274. *
Chen SC, Cummings OW, Hartley MP, Filomena CA, Cho WK 2006 Hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with both azathioprine and infliximab. Dig. Dis. Sci. 51: 952-955. *
Choi PM, Targan SR 1994 Immunomodulator therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 39: 1885-1892.
Cohen RD 2002 Evolving medical therapies for ulcerative colitis. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 4: 497-505.
Cohen RD, Tsang JF, Hanauer SB 2000 Infliximab in Crohn's disease: first anniversary clinical experience. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95: 3469-3477. *
Colbert C, Chavarria A, Berkelhammer C 2007 Fulminant hepatic failure in chronic hepatitis B on withdrawal of corticosteroids, azathioprine and infliximab for Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13: 1453-1454.
Colombel JF, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, Pemberton JH, Wolff BG, Young-Fadok T, Harmsen WS, Schleck CD, Sandborn WJ 2004 Early postoperative complications are not increased in patients with Crohn's disease treated perioperatively with infliximab or immunosuppressive therapy. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99: 878-883. *
Connell W, Miller A 1999 Treating inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: risks and safety of drug therapy. Drug Saf. 21: 311-323.
Connell WR, Kamm MA, Ritchie JK, Lennard-Jones JE 1993 Bone marrow toxicity caused by azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: 27 years of experience. Gut 34: 1081-1085. *
Cosnes J, Nion-Larmurier I, Beaugerie L, Afchain P, Tiret E, Gendre JP 2005 Impact of the increasing use of immunosuppressants in Crohn's disease on the need for intestinal surgery. Gut 54: 237-241. *
Cottone M, Orlando A, Modesto I 2006 Postoperative maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 22: 377-381.
Crispino P, Pica R, Angelucci E, Consolazio A, Rivera M, Cassieri C, Paoluzi P 2007 Hematological malignancies in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: report of five cases and review of the literature. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 22: 553-558. *
Csillag C, Borup R, Olsen J, Nielsen FC, Nielsen OH 2007 Treatment response and colonic gene expression in patients with Crohn's disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 42: 834-840. *
Cucchiara S, Romeo E, Viola F, Cottone M, Fontana M, Lombardi G, Rutigliano V, De'Angelis GL, Federici T 2008 Infliximab for pediatric ulcerative colitis: a retrospective Italian multicenter study. Dig. Liver Dis. 40 Suppl. 2: S260-S264.
Cuffari C 2006 Inflammatory bowel disease in children: a pediatrician's perspective. Minerva Pediatr. 58: 139-157.
Cuffari C, Dassopoulos T, Turnbough L, Thompson RE, Bayless TM 2004 Thiopurine methyltransferase activity influences clinical response to azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2: 410-417. *
Cuffari C, Hunt S, Bayless T 2001 Utilisation of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels to optimise azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 48: 642-646. *
Cuffari C, Hunt S, Bayless TM 2000 Enhanced bioavailability of azathioprine compared to 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with treatment efficacy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 1009-1014. *
Cuffari C, Li DY, Mahoney J, Barnes Y, Bayless TM 2004 Peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA 6-thioguanine metabolite levels correlate with decreased interferon-gamma production in patients with Crohn's disease on AZA therapy. Dig. Dis. Sci. 49: 133-137. *
Cukovic-Cavka S 2004 Diffuse jejunoileitis in an adolescent. Falk Symposium 140. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translation from Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Dubrovnik (Croatia). p. 69. May 7-8. *
D�Haens G 2005 Pratical use of steroids in IBD. Falk Symposium 146: GUT-LIVER INTERACTIONS: BASIC AND CLINICAL CONCEPTS, Innsbruck (Austria), March 11-12, 2005, p. 30. *
D'Haens G 2004 Optimizing the use of current drugs in IBD. Falk Symposium 140. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translation from Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Dubrovnik (Croatia). p. 65. May 7-8. *
D'Haens G, Baert F, van Assche G, Caenepeel P, Vergauwe P, Tuynman H, De Vos M, van Deventer S, Stitt L, Donner A, Vermeire S, Van de Mierop FJ, Coche JC, van der Woude J, Ochsenk�hn T, van Bodegraven AA, Van Hootegem PP, Lambrecht GL, Mana F, Rutgeerts P 2008 Early combined immunosuppression or conventional management in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease: an open randomised trial. Lancet 371: 660-667. *
D'Haens G, Daperno M 2002 Advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 4: 506-512.
D'Haens G, Hlavaty T 2004 Advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 6: 496-505.
D'Haens G, Rutgeerts P 1999 Postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: pathophysiology and prevention. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 5: 295-303. *
D'Haens GR, Vermeire S, Van Assche G, Noman M, Aerden I, Van Olmen G, Rutgeerts P 2008 Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a controlled randomized trial. Gastroenterology Jul 16 [Epub ahead of print]. *
D'halluin PN, Tribut O, Branger B, Lebreton C, Bretagne JF, Bentue-Ferrer D, Heresbach D 2005 RBC 6-TGN and hematological parameters in patients with Crohn's disease treated by azathioprine. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 29: 1264-1269.
Damergis JA, Chee K, Amitai A 2008 Otogenic pneumococcal meningitis with pneumocephalus. J. Emerg. Med. Jun 30 [Epub ahead of print].
Das K, Ghoshal UC, Dhali GK, Benjamin J, Ahuja V, Makharia GK 2008 Crohn's disease in India: a multicenter study from a country where tuberculosis is endemic. Dig. Dis. Sci. Sep 4 [Epub ahead of print]. *
de Boer NK, Jarbandhan SV, de Graaf P, Mulder CJ, van Elburg RM, van Bodegraven AA 2006 Azathioprine use during pregnancy: unexpected intrauterine exposure to metabolites. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101: 1390-1392. *
de Boer NK, Mulder CJ, van Bodegraven AA 2005 Myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity during azathioprine therapy. Neth. J. Med. 63: 444-446. *
de Boer NK, Van Elburg RM, Wilhelm AJ, Remmink AJ, Van Vugt JM, Mulder CJ, Van Bodegraven AA 2005 6-Thioguanine for Crohn's disease during pregnancy: thiopurine metabolite measurements in both mother and child. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 1374-1377. *
De Jesus-Monge WE, Torres EA, Baez VM, De Jesus O, Rivera L, Gonzalez-Keelan C 2004 Crohn's disease associated to chordoma: a case report. P. R. Health Sci. J. 23: 233-236.
De Jong DJ, Goullet M, Naber TH 2004 Side effects of azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16: 207-212.
De La Rue SA, Bickston SJ 2006 Evidence-based medications for the treatment of the inflammatory bowel diseases. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 22: 365-369.
Decker GA, Loftus EV Jr, Pasha TM, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ 2001 Crohn's disease of the esophagus: clinical features and outcomes. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 7: 113-119. *
Dejaco C, Harrer M, Waldhoer T, Miehsler W, Vogelsang H, Reinisch W 2003 Antibiotics and azathioprine for the treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 18: 1113-1120.
Derijks LJ, Gilissen LP, Hooymans PM, Hommes DW 2006 Review article: thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 715-729. *
Dewit O, Vanheuverzwyn R, Desager JP, Horsmans Y 2002 Interaction between azathioprine and aminosalicylates: an in vivo study in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16: 79-85. *
Dhillon S, Loftus EV 2005 Medical therapy of Crohn's disease. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 8: 19-30.
Dijkstra G, Hospers GA, Kleibeuker JH 2003 Gene therapy with interleukin 10 in Crohn's disease: too early yet. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 147: 2153-2156.
Dilger K, Schaeffeler E, Lukas M, Strauch U, Herfarth H, Muller R, Schwab M 2007 Monitoring of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in postsurgical patients with Crohn's disease during 1 year of treatment with azathioprine or mesalazine. Ther. Drug Monit. 29: 1-5.
Din S, Cochrane CJ, Noble CL, Satsangi J, Arnott ID 2008 Combination therapy of infliximab and azathioprine reduces disease progression in Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 14: 143-145.
Din S, Dahele A, Fennel J, Aitken S, Shand AG, Arnott ID, Satsangi J 2008 Use of methotrexate in refractory Crohn's disease: the Edinburgh experience. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 14: 756-762.
Domenech E 2006 Inflammatory bowel disease: current therapeutic options. Digestion 73 Suppl. 1: 67-76.
Domenech E, Manosa M, Bernal I, Garcia-Planella E, Cabre E, Pinol M, Lorenzo-Zuniga V, Boix J, Gassull MA 2008 Impact of azathioprine on the prevention of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence: results of a prospective, observational, long-term follow-up study. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 14: 508-513.
Domenech E, Nos P, Papo M, Lopez-San Roman A, Garcia-Planella E, Gassull MA 2005 6-Mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and previous digestive intolerance of azathioprine. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 52-55. *
Domenech E, Scala L, Bernal I, Garcia-Planella E, Casalots A, Pinol M, Esteve-Comas M, Cabre E, Boix J, Gassull MA 2004 Azathioprine and mesalazine in the prevention of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease: a retrospective study. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 27: 563-567.
Dooley TP, Curto EV, Reddy SP, Davis RL, Lambert GW, Wilborn TW, Elson CO 2004 Regulation of gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease and correlation with IBD drugs: screening by DNA microarrays. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10: 1-14. *
Dubinsky MC 2003 Optimizing immunomodulator therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 5: 506-511.
Dubinsky MC, Fleshner PP 2003 Treatment of Crohn's disease of inflammatory, stenotic, and fistulizing phenotypes. Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 183-200.
Dubinsky MC, Hassard PV, Seidman EG, Kam LY, Abreu MT, Targan SR, Vasiliauskas EA 2001 An open-label pilot study using thioguanine as a therapeutic alternative in Crohn's disease patients resistant to 6-mercaptopurine therapy. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 7: 181-189. *
Dubinsky MC, Reyes E, Ofman J, Chiou CF, Wade S, Sandborn WJ 2005 A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative disease management strategies in patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100: 2239-2247. *
Duley JA, Florin TH 2005 Thiopurine therapies: problems, complexities, and progress with monitoring thioguanine nucleotides. Ther. Drug Monit. 27: 647-654.
Dupont B, Dupont C, Justum AM, Piquet MA, Reimund JM 2008 Enteral nutrition in adult Crohn's disease: present status and perspectives. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52: 875-884. *
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