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Scientific Literature, Crohn and 6-MP
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Ahn HS, Lee SK, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Joo KR, Dong SH, Kim BH, Lee JI, Chang YW, Chang R 2006 Risk of postoperative infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Korean J. Gastroenterol. 48: 306-312.
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Akobeng A, Thomas A 2007 Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3: CD005984.
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Allorge D, Hamdan R, Broly F, Libersa C, Colombel JF 2005 ITPA genotyping test does not improve detection of Crohn's disease patients at risk of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine induced myelosuppression.
Gut 54: 565.
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Alves A, Panis Y, Joly F, Pocard M, Lavergne-Slove A, Bouhnik Y, Valleur P 2004 Could immunosuppressive drugs reduce recurrence rate after second resection for Crohn disease?
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10: 491-495.
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Ananthakrishnan AN, Attila T, Otterson MF, Lipchik RJ, Massey BT, Komorowski RA, Binion DG 2007 Severe pulmonary toxicity after azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine initiation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 41: 682-688.
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Andoh A, Tsujikawa T, Ban H, Hashimoto T, Bamba S, Ogawa A, Sasaki M, Saito Y, Fujiyama Y 2008 Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Jul 23 [Epub ahead of print].
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Ansari A, Aslam Z, DE Sica A, Smith M, Gilshenan K, Fairbanks L, Marinaki A, Sanderson J, Duley J 2008 The influence of xanthine oxidase on thiopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 28: 749-757.
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Aranda R, Horgan K 1998 Immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. 9: 2-9.
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Arnott ID, Watts D, Satsangi J 2003 Azathioprine and anti-TNF alpha therapies in Crohn's disease: a review of pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety.
Pharmacol. Res. 47: 1-10.
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Baert FJ, Rutgeerts PJ 2000 Medical therapies for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 2: 446-450.
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Barnes BH, Borowitz SM, Saulsbury FT, Hellems M, Sutphen JL 2004 Discordant erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in children with inflammatory bowel disease taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 38: 509-512.
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Bastida Pa G, Nos Mate P, Aguas Peri M, Beltran Niclas B, Rodriguez Sole M, Ponce Garcia J 2007 Optimization of immunomodulatory treatment with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease.
Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 30: 511-516.
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Biancone L, Orlando A, Kohn A, Colombo E, Sostegni R, Angelucci E, Rizzello F, Castiglione F, Benezzato L, Papi C, Meucci G, Riegler G, Mocciaro F, Geremia A, Calabrese E, Cottone M, Pallone F 2006 Infliximab and newly diagnosed neoplasia in Crohn's disease: a multicentre matched-pair study.
Gut 55: 228-233.
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Biancone L, Tosti C, Fina D, Fantini M, De Nigris F, Geremia A, Pallone F 2003 Review article: maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 Suppl. 2: 31-37.
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Bickston SJ, Comerford LW, Cominelli F 2003 Future therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 5: 518-523.
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Bitton A 2005 Preventing postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine: approaching the cutting edge.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 513-514.
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Boulton-Jones JR, Pritchard K, Mahmoud AA 2000 The use of 6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after failure of azathioprine therapy.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 1561-1565.
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Bousvaros A, Guandalini S, Baldassano RN, Botelho C, Evans J, Ferry GD, Goldin B, Hartigan L, Kugathasan S, Levy J, Murray KF, Oliva-Hemker M, Rosh JR, Tolia V, Zholudev A, Vanderhoof JA, Hibberd PL 2005 A randomized, double-blind trial of Lactobacillus GG versus placebo in addition to standard maintenance therapy for children with Crohn's disease.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 833-839.
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Bratcher JM, Korelitz BI 2006 Toxicity of infliximab in the course of treatment of Crohn's disease.
Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 5: 9-16.
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Brookes MJ, Green JR 2004 Maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: current and emerging therapeutic options.
Drugs 64: 1069-1089.
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Brown SJ, Mayer L 2007 The immune response in inflammatory bowel disease.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102: 2058-2069.
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Brynskov J, Feagan BG, Jewell D, McDonald JWD, Stange EF 2004 Cyclosporine for maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease.
Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2: CD004377. *
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Calvet X, Gallardo O, Coronas R, Casellas F, Montserrat A, Torrejon A, Vergara M, Campo R, Brullet E 2006 Remission on thiopurinic immunomodulators normalizes quality of life and psychological status in patients with Crohn's disease.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12: 692-696.
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Caprilli R, Angelucci E, Cocco A, Viscido A, Annese V, Ardizzone S, Biancone L, Castiglione F, Cottone M, Meucci G, Paoluzi P, Papi C, Sturniolo GC, Vecchi M 2005 Appropriateness of immunosuppressive drugs in inflammatory bowel diseases assessed by RAND method: Italian Group for IBD (IG-IBD) position statement.
Dig. Liver Dis. 37: 407-417.
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Chande N, Ponich T, Gregor J 2005 A survey of Canadian gastroenterologists about the use of methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease.
Can. J. Gastroenterol. 19: 553-558.
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Cho J 2000 Update on inflammatory bowel disease genetics.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 2: 434-439.
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Choi PM, Targan SR 1994 Immunomodulator therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Dig. Dis. Sci. 39: 1885-1892.
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Cohen RD 2002 Evolving medical therapies for ulcerative colitis.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 4: 497-505.
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Cohen RD, Tsang JF, Hanauer SB 2000 Infliximab in Crohn's disease: first anniversary clinical experience.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95: 3469-3477.
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Colombel JF, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, Pemberton JH, Wolff BG, Young-Fadok T, Harmsen WS, Schleck CD, Sandborn WJ 2004 Early postoperative complications are not increased in patients with Crohn's disease treated perioperatively with infliximab or immunosuppressive therapy.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99: 878-883.
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Cottone M, Orlando A, Modesto I 2006 Postoperative maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 22: 377-381.
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Cox KL, Cox KM 1998 Oral vancomycin: treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27: 580-583.
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Cuffari C 2006 Inflammatory bowel disease in children: a pediatrician's perspective.
Minerva Pediatr. 58: 139-157.
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Cuffari C, Dassopoulos T, Turnbough L, Thompson RE, Bayless TM 2004 Thiopurine methyltransferase activity influences clinical response to azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease.
Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2: 410-417.
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Cuffari C, Hunt S, Bayless T 2001 Utilisation of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels to optimise azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Gut 48: 642-646.
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Cuffari C, Hunt S, Bayless TM 2000 Enhanced bioavailability of azathioprine compared to 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with treatment efficacy.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 1009-1014.
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Cuffari C, Li DY, Mahoney J, Barnes Y, Bayless TM 2004 Peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA 6-thioguanine metabolite levels correlate with decreased interferon-gamma production in patients with Crohn's disease on AZA therapy.
Dig. Dis. Sci. 49: 133-137.
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D'Haens G 2004 Optimizing the use of current drugs in IBD.
Falk Symposium 140. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translation from Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Dubrovnik (Croatia). p. 65. May 7-8. *
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D'Haens G, Daperno M 2002 Advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 4: 506-512.
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D'Haens G, Hlavaty T 2004 Advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 6: 496-505.
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de Boer NK, Van Elburg RM, Wilhelm AJ, Remmink AJ, Van Vugt JM, Mulder CJ, Van Bodegraven AA 2005 6-Thioguanine for Crohn's disease during pregnancy: thiopurine metabolite measurements in both mother and child.
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 1374-1377.
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De La Rue SA, Bickston SJ 2006 Evidence-based medications for the treatment of the inflammatory bowel diseases.
Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 22: 365-369.
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Decker GA, Loftus EV Jr, Pasha TM, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ 2001 Crohn's disease of the esophagus: clinical features and outcomes.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 7: 113-119.
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Derijks LJ, Gilissen LP, Hooymans PM, Hommes DW 2006 Review article: thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 715-729.
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Devlin SM, Hu B, Ippoliti A 2007 Mucormycosis presenting as recurrent gastric perforation in a patient with Crohn's disease on glucocorticoid, 6-mercaptopurine, and infliximab therapy.
Dig. Dis. Sci. 52: 2078-2081.
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Dhillon S, Loftus EV 2005 Medical therapy of Crohn's disease.
Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 8: 19-30.
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Domenech E 2006 Inflammatory bowel disease: current therapeutic options.
Digestion 73 Suppl. 1: 67-76.
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Domenech E, Nos P, Papo M, Lopez-San Roman A, Garcia-Planella E, Gassull MA 2005 6-Mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and previous digestive intolerance of azathioprine.
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 52-55.
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Dubinsky MC 2003 Optimizing immunomodulator therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 5: 506-511.
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Dubinsky MC, Fleshner PP 2003 Treatment of Crohn's disease of inflammatory, stenotic, and fistulizing phenotypes.
Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 6: 183-200.
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Dubinsky MC, Hassard PV, Seidman EG, Kam LY, Abreu MT, Targan SR, Vasiliauskas EA 2001 An open-label pilot study using thioguanine as a therapeutic alternative in Crohn's disease patients resistant to 6-mercaptopurine therapy.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 7: 181-189.
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Dubinsky MC, Reyes E, Ofman J, Chiou CF, Wade S, Sandborn WJ 2005 A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative disease management strategies in patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100: 2239-2247.
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Duley JA, Florin TH 2005 Thiopurine therapies: problems, complexities, and progress with monitoring thioguanine nucleotides.
Ther. Drug Monit. 27: 647-654.
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Dupont B, Dupont C, Justum AM, Piquet MA, Reimund JM 2008 Enteral nutrition in adult Crohn's disease: present status and perspectives.
Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52: 875-884.
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Eidelwein AP, Cuffari C, Abadom V, Oliva-Hemker M 2005 Infliximab efficacy in pediatric ulcerative colitis.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 213-218.
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Elliott PR, Moore GT, Bell SJ, Connell WR 2005 Severe recurrent Crohn's disease of the ileocolonic anastomosis disappearing completely with antibacterial therapy.
Gut 54: 1818-1819.
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Escher JC, Taminiau JA, Nieuwenhuis EE, Buller HA, Grand RJ 2003 Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood: best available evidence.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 9: 34-58.
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Feagan BG 2003 Maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98: S6-S17.
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Feagan BG 2005 Management of perianal and fistulizing disease.
Falk Symposium 146: GUT-LIVER INTERACTIONS: BASIC AND CLINICAL CONCEPTS, Innsbruck (Austria), March 11-12, 2005, p. 37. *
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Fishman SJ, Feins NR, D' Amato RJ, Folkman J 1999 Long-term remission of Crohn's disease treated with thalidomide: a seminal case report.
Angiogenesis 3: 201-204.
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Friedman S 2007 Medical therapy and birth outcomes in women with Crohn's disease: what should we tell our patients?
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102: 1414-1416.
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Friedman S, Marion JF, Scherl E, Rubin PH, Present DH 2001 Intravenous cyclosporine in refractory pyoderma gangrenosum complicating inflammatory bowel disease.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 7: 1-7.
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Froehlich F, Juillerat P, Pittet V, Felley C, Mottet C, Vader JP, Michetti P, Gonvers JJ 2007 Maintenance of surgically induced remission of Crohn's disease.
Digestion 76: 130-135.
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Galandiuk S, Davis BR 2008 Infliximab-induced disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient with Crohn's disease.
Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 5: 283-287.
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Geier DL, Miner PB Jr 1992 New therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Am. J. Med. 93: 199-208.
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Gerber NL, Steinberg AD 1976 Clinical use of immunosuppressive drugs: part II.
Drugs 11: 90-112.
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Ghosh S, Chaudhary R, Carpani M, Playford RJ 2006 Is thiopurine therapy in ulcerative colitis as effective as in Crohn's disease?
Gut 55: 6-8.
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Gilissen LP, Derijks LJ, Verhoeven HM, Bierau J, Hooymans PM, Hommes DW, Engels LG 2007 Pancytopenia due to high 6-methylmercaptopurine levels in a 6-mercaptopurine treated patient with Crohn's disease.
Dig. Liver Dis. 39: 182-186.
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Gisbert JP, Gomollon F, Cara C, Luna M, Gonzalez-Lama Y, Pajares JM, Mate J, Guijarro LG 2005 Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in the inflammatory bowel disease. A study on 7046 Spanish patients.
Med. Clin. (Barc.) 125: 281-285.
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Gisbert JP, Luna M, Mate J, Gonzalez-Guijarro L, Cara C, Pajares JM 2006 Choice of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine dose based on thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity to avoid myelosuppression. A prospective study.
Hepatogastroenterology 53: 399-404.
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Glazier KD, Palance AL, Griffel LH, Das KM 2005 The ten-year single-center experience with 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 39: 21-26.
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Goldstein ES, Marion JF, Present DH 2004 6-Mercaptopurine is effective in Crohn's disease without concomitant steroids.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10: 79-84.
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Goldstein F 1987 Immunosuppressant therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacologic and clinical aspects.
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 9: 654-658.
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Gonvers JJ, Juillerat P, Mottet C, Felley C, Burnand B, Vader JP, Michetti P, Froehlich F 2005 Maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
Digestion 71: 41-48.
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Gonvers JJ, Juillerat P, Mottet C, Pittet V, Felley C, Vader JP, Michetti P, Froehlich F 2007 Maintenance of medically induced remission of Crohn's disease.
Digestion 76: 116-129.
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Gonzalez-Lama Y, Abreu L, Vera MI, Pastrana M, Tabernero S, Revilla J, Duran JG, Escartin P 2005 Long-term oral tacrolimus therapy in refractory to infliximab fistulizing Crohn's disease: a pilot study.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 8-15.
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Gupta G, Lautenbach E, Lewis JD 2006 Incidence and risk factors for herpes zoster among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4: 1483-1490.
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Gutkowski K, Bilkiewicz T 2006 Experimental methods in the treatment of Lesniowski-Crohn disease.
Pol. Merkuriusz. Lek. 20: 457-461.
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Hait EJ, Bousvaros A, Schuman M, Shamberger RC, Lillehei CW 2007 Pouch outcomes among children with ulcerative colitis treated with calcineurin inhibitors before ileal pouch anal anastomosis surgery.
J. Pediatr. Surg. 42: 31-34.
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Hanauer SB 2004 Optimal approach to perianal Crohn's disease.
Falk Symposium 140. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translation from Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Dubrovnik (Croatia). p. 75. May 7-8. *
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Hanauer SB 1999 Medical therapy for Crohn's disease.
Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 15: 308.
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Hanauer SB 2003 Assessing the risk of lymphomas in inflammatory bowel disease.
Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. 3: 50-51.
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Hanauer SB, Korelitz BI, Rutgeerts P, Peppercorn MA, Thisted RA, Cohen RD, Present DH 2004 Postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission with 6-mercaptopurine, mesalamine, or placebo: a 2-year trial.
Gastroenterology 127: 723-729.
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Hanauer SB, Present DH 2003 The state of the art in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. 3: 81-92.
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Hande S, Wilson-Rich N, Bousvaros A, Zholudev A, Maurer R, Banks P, Makrauer F, Reddy S, Burakoff R, Friedman S 2006 5-Aminosalicylate therapy is associated with higher 6-thioguanine levels in adults and children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission on 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12: 251-257.
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Hassard PV, Vasiliauskas EA, Kam LY, Targan SR, Abreu MT 2000 Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in patients failing 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine therapy for Crohn's disease.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 6: 16-20.
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Hayee BH, Harris AW 2005 6-Mercaptopurine and mesalamine for prevention of relapse after conservative surgery for Crohn's disease.
Gastroenterology 128: 249.
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Heller T, James SP, Drachenberg C, Hernandez C, Darwin PE 1999 Treatment of severe esophageal Crohn's disease with infliximab.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 5: 279-282.
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Heuschkel R 2005 Synergy between immunosuppressive therapy and enteral nutrition in the management of childhood Crohn's disease.
JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 29: S160-S165.
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Hibi T, Naganuma M, Kitahora T, Kinjyo F, Shimoyama T 2003 Low-dose azathioprine is effective and safe for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis.
J. Gastroenterol. 38: 740-746.
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Hilsden RJ, Verhoef MJ, Best A, Pocobelli G 2003 A national survey on the patterns of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in Canada.
BMC Gastroenterol. 3: 10.
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Hindorf U, Lindqvist M, Peterson C, Soderkvist P, Strom M, Hjortswang H, Pousette A, Almer S 2006 Pharmacogenetics during standardised initiation of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Gut 55: 1423-1431.
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Homan M, Baldassano RN, Mamula P 2005 Managing complicated Crohn's disease in children and adolescents.
Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2: 572-579.
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Hommes DW, Oldenburg B, van Bodegraven AA, van Hogezand RA, de Jong DJ, Romberg-Camps MJ, van der Woude J, Dijkstra G 2006 Guidelines for treatment with infliximab for Crohn's disease.
Neth. J. Med. 64: 219-229.
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Hyams JS 2005 Use of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine as the immunomodulator of choice for moderately active Crohn's disease: pro.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 197-199.
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Hyams JS, Markowitz JF 2005 Can we alter the natural history of Crohn disease in children?
J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 40: 262-272.
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Isaacs KL 2007 Crohn's disease of the esophagus.
Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 10: 61-70.
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Jacobstein DA, Baldassano RN 2005 Use of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine as the immunomodulator of choice for moderately active Crohn's disease: balance.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11: 203-205.
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Jacobstein DA, Mamula P, Markowitz JE, Leonard M, Baldassano RN 2006 Predictors of immunomodulator use as early therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease.
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 40: 145-148.
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Jaspers GJ, Verkade HJ, Escher JC, de Ridder L, Taminiau JA, Rings EH 2006 Azathioprine maintains first remission in newly diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12: 831-836.
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Jeshion WC, Larsen KL, Jawad AF, Piccoli DA, Verma R, Maller ES, Baldassano RN 2000 Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the treatment of perianal Crohn's disease in children.
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 30: 294-298.
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Juffermans NP, Jager A, Kersten MJ, van Oers MH, Hommes DW 2005 Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphomas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 149: 1859-1863.
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Juillerat P, Mottet C, Froehlich F, Felley C, Vader JP, Burnand B, Gonvers JJ, Michetti P 2005 Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease.
Digestion 71: 31-36.
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Juillerat P, Mottet C, Pittet V, Froehlich F, Felley C, Gonvers JJ, Vader JP, Michetti P 2007 Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease.
Digestion 76: 141-148.
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Juillerat P, Pittet V, Felley C, Mottet C, Froehlich F, Vader JP, Gonvers JJ, Michetti P 2007 Drug safety in Crohn's disease therapy.
Digestion 76: 161-168.
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Kakrida M, Orengo I, Markus R 2005 Sudden onset of multiple nevi after administration of 6-mercaptopurine in an adult with Crohn's disease: a case report.
Int. J. Dermatol. 44: 334-336.
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Kane S, Cohen SM, Hart J 2004 Acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after 6-thioguanine therapy for Crohn's disease.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10: 652-654.
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Katz JA 2002 Advances in the medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 18: 435-440.
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Katz JA 2007 Management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults.
J. Dig. Dis. 8: 65-71.
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Katz JA 2004 Pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 20: 328-332.
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Katz JA, Antoni C, Keenan GF, Smith DE, Jacobs SJ, Lichtenstein GR 2004 Outcome of pregnancy in women receiving infliximab for the treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99: 2385-2392.
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Kaur N, Mahl TC 2007 Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia after infliximab therapy: a review of 84 cases.
Dig. Dis. Sci. 52: 1481-1484.
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Kim KH, Lichtenstein GR 2004 Refractory inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 7: 201-211.
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Kinney T, Rawlins M, Kozarek R, France R, Patterson D 2003 Immunomodulators and "on demand" therapy with infliximab in Crohn's disease: clinical experience with 400 infusions.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98: 608-612.
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Kirsner JB 1991 Inflammatory bowel disease. Part II: Clinical and therapeutic aspects.
Dis. Mon. 37: 669-746.
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Kirsner JB 1991 Inflammatory bowel disease. Part I: Nature and pathogenesis.
Dis. Mon. 37: 605-666.
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Kooros K, Katz AJ 2004 Infliximab therapy in pediatric Crohn's pouchitis.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 10: 417-420.
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Korelitz BI, Mirsky FJ, Fleisher MR, Warman JI, Wisch N, Gleim GW 1999 Malignant neoplasms subsequent to treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine.
Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94: 3248-3253.
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Kozuch PL, Hanauer SB 2008 Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a review of medical therapy.
World J. Gastroenterol. 14: 354-377.
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Kruis W 2005 Crohn's disease - standards of treatment 2004.
Schweiz. Rundsch. Med. Prax. 94: 1595-1598.
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Kubota D, Takishima C, Ishii K, Kawamura T, Matsumoto T, Itsui Y, Okada E, Chin S, Oooka S, Tsuchiya K, Araki A, Sakamoto N, Miyata T, Kanai T, Watanabe M 2006 A case report: severe bone marrow suppression caused by 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease patient.
Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 103: 1044-1049.
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Kugathasan S 2001 Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: clinical and therapeutic aspects.
Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 17: 350-355.
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Kung SJ, Choudhary C, McGeady SJ, Cohn JR 2006 Lack of cross-reactivity between 5-aminosalicylic acid-based drugs: a case report and review of the literature.
Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 97: 284-287.
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Kunitake H, Hodin R, Shellito PC, Sands BE, Korzenik J, Bordeianou L 2008 Perioperative treatment with infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is not associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications.
J. Gastrointest. Surg. Aug 12 [Epub ahead of print].
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Lamers CB, Griffioen G, van Hogezand RA, Veenendaal RA 1999 Azathioprine: an update on clinical efficacy and safety in inflammatory bowel disease.
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 230: 111-115.
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Lashner BA 1992 Risk factors for small bowel cancer in Crohn's disease.
Dig. Dis. Sci. 37: 1179-1184.
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Lashner BA 2003 Clinical advances in ulcerative colitis.
American College of Gastroenterology 68th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course, October 10 - 15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Lecomte T, Contou JF, Beaugerie L, Carbonnel F, Cattan S, Gendre JP, Cosnes J 2003 Predictive factors of response of perianal Crohn's disease to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Dis. Colon Rectum 46: 1469-1475.
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Legnani PE, Kornbluth A 2001 Immunomodulator therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 4: 199-205.
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Lemann M 2004 Which immunomodulator for Crohn's disease?
Falk Symposium 140. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translation from Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Dubrovnik (Croatia). p. 74. May 7-8. *
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Lemann M 2007 Treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.
Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 191: 1125-1141.
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Lemann M, Mary JY, Duclos B, Veyrac M, Dupas JL, Delchier JC, Laharie D, Moreau J, Cadiot G, Picon L, Bourreille A, Sobahni I, Colombel JF; Groupe d'Etude Therapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID) 2006 Infliximab plus azathioprine for steroid-dependent Crohn's disease patients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Gastroenterology 130: 1054-1061.
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David and Judy Rhodes
Last Update: 9/13/2008
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